Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main purpose of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

To allow cells to grow, replicate their DNA, and divide to produce genetically identical daughter cells for growth, repair, and maintenance.

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase (Synthesis phase)

Question 3

A nerve cell in an adult human rarely divides. In which phase of the cell cycle would you expect to find this cell?

Accepted Answer

G0 phase

Question 4

What is the primary function of the G1 checkpoint in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

To check for DNA damage before DNA replication begins

Question 5

Which of the following statements about apoptosis is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It is a programmed cell death process that prevents damaged cells from dividing.

Question 6

If a human cell has 46 chromosomes (2n = 46), how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after mitosis?

Accepted Answer

$$46$$

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why the number of chromosomes in gametes is half that of somatic cells?

Accepted Answer

Gametes are haploid ($$n$$), so that upon fertilization, the diploid number ($$2n) is $$restored.

Question 8

Which of the following events occurs during prophase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes and the nuclear envelope breaks down.

Question 9

A researcher observes a cell with chromosomes aligned at the center of the cell and spindle fibers attached to kinetochores. Which stage of mitosis is this cell in?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 10

What is the role of cyclins in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

They are internal signaling proteins that regulate progression through cell cycle checkpoints.

Question 11

Which of the following is a key difference between mitosis in eukaryotes and binary fission in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis involves division of a nucleus, while binary fission does not.

Question 12

A cell is observed to have a cleavage furrow forming. Which process is most likely occurring?

Accepted Answer

Cytokinesis in an animal cell

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the structure of a nucleosome?

Accepted Answer

DNA wrapped around a core of eight histone proteins

Question 14

During which stage of mitosis do the centromeres dissolve and sister chromatids separate to become daughter chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 15

Which checkpoint ensures that all chromosomes are properly aligned and attached to spindle fibers before separation?

Accepted Answer

M checkpoint

Question 16

A mutation causes a cell to skip the G2 checkpoint. What is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Cells may enter mitosis with unreplicated or damaged DNA, leading to abnormal daughter cells.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

Production of gametes for sexual reproduction

Question 18

If a plant cell has a diploid number of $$2n = 24$$, what is its haploid number?

Accepted Answer

$$12$$

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why fruit flies were important in early genetic research?

Accepted Answer

They have a small number of chromosomes, making it easier to track genetic traits.

Question 20

A scientist observes a eukaryotic cell with two nuclei, each containing the same number of chromosomes as the original cell, but the cytoplasm has not yet divided. Which stage is this cell most likely in?

Accepted Answer

Telophase

The Cell Cycle and Cellular Division: Mitosis and Binary Fission

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