Question 1

Which phase of the cell cycle is primarily responsible for the accurate duplication of genetic material before cell division?

Accepted Answer

Interphase (specifically S phase)

Question 2

During mitosis, what structure is responsible for separating sister chromatids and ensuring they move to opposite poles of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitotic spindle

Question 3

A strawberry is octoploid ($$8n) $$and its haploid number is $$n=7. $$How many chromosomes are present in a somatic cell of a cultivated strawberry?

Accepted Answer

$$56$$

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the role of cell division in multicellular eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

It allows for growth, development, and repair of tissues.

Question 5

What is the correct sequence of events in the cell cycle leading to two genetically identical daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Interphase → Mitosis → Cytokinesis

Question 6

If a mutation disables the p53 tumor suppressor gene, what is the most likely consequence for the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell may divide uncontrollably, increasing cancer risk.

Question 7

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle ensures that DNA is undamaged and ready for replication?

Accepted Answer

G1 checkpoint

Question 8

What is the primary difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of genetic outcome?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces genetically identical daughter cells, while meiosis produces genetically diverse gametes.

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of the contractile ring during cytokinesis in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It pinches the cell membrane to separate daughter cells.

Question 10

A cell is observed under a microscope with condensed chromosomes aligned at the center of the cell. Which stage of mitosis is this cell in?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 11

Which of the following statements about proto-oncogenes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Proto-oncogenes are normal genes that can become oncogenes when mutated.

Question 12

In plant cells, what structure forms during cytokinesis to separate the two daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell plate

Question 13

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between diploid ($$2n) $$and haploid ($$n) $$chromosome numbers in humans?

Accepted Answer

$$2n = 46$$

Question 14

What is the main function of the kinetochore during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

It attaches spindle microtubules to chromosomes for segregation.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why cancer cells can form tumors?

Accepted Answer

They ignore cell cycle checkpoints and divide uncontrollably.

Question 16

A researcher observes a cell with multiple nuclei and random stopping points in the cell cycle. What is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

The cell cycle controls are disrupted, possibly indicating cancer.

Question 17

Which process in prokaryotes is analogous to mitosis in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission

Question 18

If a cell fails to pass the G2 checkpoint due to DNA damage, what is the most likely cellular response?

Accepted Answer

The cell will attempt to repair the DNA before proceeding.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a role of cell division in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

Decreasing genetic diversity in gametes

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of tumor suppressor genes?

Accepted Answer

They inhibit cell growth and prevent uncontrolled division.

The Cell Cycle: Mechanisms and Roles of Cell Division

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