Question 1

Which of the following best explains why mitosis results in genetically identical daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids, which are identical copies of a chromosome, are separated and distributed to each daughter cell.

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 3

A scientist observes a eukaryotic cell with chromosomes aligned at the center of the cell. Which phase is the cell in?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 4

Which structure is responsible for attaching chromosomes to spindle microtubules during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Kinetochore

Question 5

A cell is observed under a microscope forming a cell plate in the center. What type of cell is this and what process is occurring?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell undergoing cytokinesis

Question 6

Which of the following statements about somatic cells and gametes in humans is correct?

Accepted Answer

Somatic cells have 46 chromosomes, while gametes have 23 chromosomes.

Question 7

What is the main difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of genetic outcome?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two genetically identical cells, while meiosis produces four genetically diverse cells.

Question 8

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle before anaphase begins?

Accepted Answer

M checkpoint (spindle checkpoint)

Question 9

A mutation causes the cohesin proteins to malfunction during mitosis. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids will not separate properly during anaphase.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of chromatin during the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin is a combination of DNA and protein that condenses to form visible chromosomes during cell division.

Question 11

A researcher is studying a cell that spends most of its time in G1 phase and rarely divides. What type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

A mature neuron

Question 12

Which of the following equations correctly represents the chromosome number in human somatic cells and gametes?

Accepted Answer

$$2n = 46$$ for somatic cells and $$n = 23$$ for gametes.

Question 13

During which stage of mitosis do sister chromatids become individual chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 14

Which of the following is a key difference between cytokinesis in plant and animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Plant cells form a cell plate, while animal cells form a cleavage furrow.

Question 15

A bacterial cell divides by binary fission. Which of the following is true about this process?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission results in two genetically identical daughter cells.

Question 16

If a cell fails to pass the G2 checkpoint, what is the most likely reason?

Accepted Answer

The cell has not completed DNA replication or has damaged DNA.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the genome of a typical prokaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

A single circular DNA molecule

Question 18

A cell is observed with a contractile ring of actin and myosin filaments pinching the cytoplasm. What process is occurring?

Accepted Answer

Cytokinesis in an animal cell

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a function of cell division in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

Production of ATP

Question 20

A cell is observed with fragmented nuclear membranes and chromosomes attaching to spindle microtubules. Which phase is this?

Accepted Answer

Prometaphase

Cell Cycle Pt 1

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