Question 1

Which of the following best describes homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Pairs of chromosomes that are alike and contain the same type of genetic information, one inherited from each parent.

Question 2

In humans, how many pairs of autosomes are present in a typical somatic cell?

Accepted Answer

22 pairs

Question 3

During which stage of meiosis do cells become haploid?

Accepted Answer

After Meiosis I

Question 4

If a diploid cell in a plant has $$2n = 14$$, how many chromosomes will each gamete contain after meiosis?

Accepted Answer

$$7$$

Question 5

Which process is responsible for the exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over

Question 6

A human zygote is formed by the fusion of two gametes. What is the chromosome number of the zygote?

Accepted Answer

$$2n = 46$$

Question 7

Which of the following events increases genetic diversity during sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over during Prophase I of meiosis

Question 8

What is the result of nondisjunction during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Some gametes have an abnormal number of chromosomes, leading to conditions such as Down syndrome

Question 9

Which formula correctly represents the chromosome number in a diploid organism?

Accepted Answer

$$2n$$

Question 10

If an organism reproduces asexually, what can be said about the genetic makeup of its offspring?

Accepted Answer

Offspring are genetically identical to the parent

Question 11

Which stage of meiosis is characterized by homologous chromosomes aligning at the metaphase plate?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase I

Question 12

A male human has the sex chromosomes XY. What is the probability that a sperm will carry an X chromosome?

Accepted Answer

$$0.5$$

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why siblings from the same parents are genetically unique?

Accepted Answer

Independent assortment, crossing over, and random fertilization create genetic diversity

Question 14

During which phase of meiosis do sister chromatids separate?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase II

Question 15

If a cell with $$2n = 8$$ undergoes meiosis, how many chromosomes will be present in each resulting gamete?

Accepted Answer

$$4$$

Question 16

Which syndrome is caused by nondisjunction resulting in an extra copy of chromosome 21?

Accepted Answer

Down syndrome

Question 17

What is the main difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of chromosome number in daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces diploid cells, meiosis produces haploid cells

Question 18

Which of the following contributes to the formation of recombinant chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over between non-sister chromatids

Question 19

If a human egg cell contains $$n = 23$$ chromosomes, what is the chromosome number after fertilization with a sperm cell?

Accepted Answer

$$2n = 46$$

Question 20

Which process ensures that each gamete receives only one chromosome from each homologous pair?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis I

The Cellular Basis of Reproduction & Inheritance: Meiosis

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