Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells are generally small in size?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a higher surface area to volume ratio, which facilitates efficient exchange of materials with the environment. $$	ext{Surface Area to Volume Ratio} = \frac{6}{1}$$ for a 1-mm cube.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with a membrane-bound nucleus and several membrane-bound organelles. Which domain does this cell most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Eukarya

Question 3

Which component of the plasma membrane is primarily responsible for its selective permeability?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid bilayer with hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads

Question 4

A cube-shaped cell has a side length of 2 mm. What is its surface area to volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{3}{1}$$

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of ATP

Question 6

Which structure is found in prokaryotic cells but NOT in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleoid

Question 7

A researcher uses a transmission electron microscope to study a cell. What advantage does this technique provide compared to light microscopy?

Accepted Answer

Higher resolution, allowing visualization of internal cell structures at the nanometer scale

Question 8

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic cell walls is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are primarily composed of peptidoglycan.

Question 9

Which feature distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of membrane-bound organelles

Question 10

A mutation causes a cell to produce phospholipids with hydrophilic tails and hydrophobic heads. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The plasma membrane would lose its ability to form a stable bilayer, compromising cell integrity.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 12

If a cell's surface area is $$24\ 	ext{mm}^2$$ and its volume is $$8\ 	ext{mm}^3$$, what is its surface area to volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{3}{1}$$

Question 13

Which specialized feature allows some prokaryotic cells to attach to surfaces and exchange genetic material?

Accepted Answer

Pili

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the capsule (glycocalyx) in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Protection against desiccation and immune response

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the phospholipid bilayer is correct?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophilic heads face outward toward the aqueous environment, while hydrophobic tails face inward.

Question 16

A cell is observed to have flagella, a nucleoid, and a cell wall made of peptidoglycan. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a basic structure found in all prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 18

Which property of the plasma membrane allows it to maintain a constant internal environment?

Accepted Answer

Selective permeability

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between cell size and surface area to volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

As cell size increases, the surface area to volume ratio decreases.

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane that is essential for multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

Communication with the outside of the cell

The Organization of Cells: Structure, Function, and Diversity

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