Question 1

Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between monomers and polymers in biological macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

Polymers are long molecules consisting of many similar or identical building blocks called monomers.

Question 2

During the synthesis of a polymer, which type of reaction occurs and what is the byproduct?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration reaction; water is produced.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a polymer?

Accepted Answer

Lipid

Question 4

A scientist is studying the breakdown of starch into glucose monomers. Which reaction is primarily responsible for this process?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis reaction

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid?

Accepted Answer

A glycerol molecule attached to two fatty acids and a phosphate group

Question 6

Which type of bond links two monosaccharides together to form a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Glycosidic linkage

Question 7

Which of the following is a major function of fats in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage

Question 8

What structural feature distinguishes saturated fatty acids from unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more cis double bonds causing bends.

Question 9

Which of the following correctly matches a macromolecule with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acid – Nucleotide

Question 10

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder affecting the primary structure of a protein. Which level of protein structure is directly altered?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 11

Which of the following environmental changes is most likely to cause protein denaturation?

Accepted Answer

Drastic changes in pH

Question 12

Which of the following is a structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton of arthropods and the cell walls of fungi?

Accepted Answer

Chitin

Question 13

Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA is usually double-stranded, while RNA is usually single-stranded.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in water?

Accepted Answer

The hydrophilic heads interact with water while the hydrophobic tails avoid water, resulting in a bilayer.

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct formula for a monosaccharide such as glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$

Question 16

A protein loses its function after being exposed to high heat. What is the most likely explanation for this loss of function?

Accepted Answer

The protein was denatured, losing its three-dimensional shape.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of nucleic acids in cells?

Accepted Answer

Storing and transmitting hereditary information

Question 18

Which of the following correctly describes the difference between alpha and beta glucose?

Accepted Answer

Alpha and beta glucose differ in the position of the hydroxyl group attached to the first carbon atom.

Question 19

Which of the following bonds is responsible for the secondary structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 20

A mutation causes a change in the R group of an amino acid in a protein. Which level of protein structure is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Tertiary structure

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules (Chapter 5 Study Notes)

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