$$\text{Monomer}_1 + \text{Monomer}_2 \rightarrow \text{Polymer} + H_2O$$

$$\text{Polymer} + H_2O \rightarrow \text{Monomer}_1 + \text{Monomer}_2$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why lipids are hydrophobic?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are composed mostly of hydrocarbons, which form nonpolar covalent bonds.

Question 2

A dehydration reaction is crucial in the synthesis of biological polymers. Which equation best represents this process?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Monomer}_1 + 	ext{Monomer}_2 ightarrow 	ext{Polymer} + H_2O$$

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a polymer?

Accepted Answer

Lipid

Question 4

A patient with sickle-cell disease has a mutation in the hemoglobin protein. What is the molecular basis for this disease?

Accepted Answer

A single amino acid substitution in the primary structure of hemoglobin.

Question 5

Which polysaccharide is found in the exoskeleton of arthropods and provides structural support for fungal cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Chitin

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between starch and cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Starch is composed of alpha-glucose monomers, while cellulose is composed of beta-glucose monomers.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions, transport, and defense against disease

Question 8

What is the major function of adipose tissue in mammals?

Accepted Answer

Cushioning vital organs, insulating the body, and storing energy as fat

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid?

Accepted Answer

A glycerol molecule attached to two fatty acids and a phosphate group

Question 10

Which equation correctly represents the hydrolysis of a polymer?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Polymer} + H_2O ightarrow 	ext{Monomer}_1 + 	ext{Monomer}_2$$

Question 11

Which of the following is true about the levels of protein structure?

Accepted Answer

Secondary structure results from hydrogen bonding between backbone constituents.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct statement about nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids are polymers made of nucleotides.

Question 13

A protein is exposed to high temperature and extreme pH. What is most likely to happen?

Accepted Answer

The protein will denature and lose its biological function.

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-world application of genomics and proteomics?

Accepted Answer

Determining the evolutionary relationships between species using DNA sequences

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a protein function and its example?

Accepted Answer

Defensive protein – Antibody

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why each cell can have thousands of different macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

An immense variety of polymers can be built from a small set of monomers.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of the sugar-phosphate backbone in nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

It consists of alternating sugar and phosphate groups linked by covalent bonds.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are proteins that selectively accelerate chemical reactions.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of chaperonins in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Chaperonins assist the proper folding of other proteins.

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

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