Question 1

Which property of carbon most directly explains its ability to form large, complex, and diverse molecules essential for life?

Accepted Answer

Its ability to form four covalent bonds due to four valence electrons

Question 2

Which functional group is responsible for the acidic properties of amino acids and is commonly found in organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($$-\mathrm{COOH})$$

Question 3

A dehydration reaction is crucial in the formation of macromolecules. What is the main outcome of a dehydration reaction?

Accepted Answer

Joining two monomers together by removing a water molecule

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the difference between organic and inorganic carbon compounds?

Accepted Answer

Organic compounds contain carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds, while inorganic compounds generally lack them

Question 5

Which polysaccharide is primarily used for energy storage in animals and is highly branched?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 6

Cellulose is a major component of plant cell walls. What type of glycosidic linkage connects the glucose monomers in cellulose?

Accepted Answer

$$\beta-1$$,4-glycosidic bonds

Question 7

Which statement best explains why saturated fats are solid at room temperature while unsaturated fats are liquid?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have straight hydrocarbon chains that pack closely, while unsaturated fats have kinks due to double bonds, preventing tight packing

Question 8

A patient is diagnosed with sickle-cell disease. Which molecular change is responsible for this condition?

Accepted Answer

A single amino acid change from glutamic acid to valine in the beta-globin protein

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 10

Which level of protein structure is directly determined by the sequence of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 11

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

They have a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails

Question 12

Which molecule is a nucleotide that stores energy in its phosphate-to-phosphate bonds and is used directly by cells?

Accepted Answer

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the backbone of a nucleic acid polymer?

Accepted Answer

Alternating sugar and phosphate groups

Question 14

In DNA, which base pairs with cytosine?

Accepted Answer

Guanine

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of the inability to digest cellulose in humans?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose acts as dietary fiber, aiding in digestive health

Question 16

Which of the following is true about the antiparallel structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

One strand runs 5' to 3', and the other runs 3' to 5'

Question 17

Which macromolecule is NOT a polymer?

Accepted Answer

Lipid

Question 18

A plant exposed to cold temperatures increases the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in its plasma membrane. What is the biological advantage of this adaptation?

Accepted Answer

It increases membrane fluidity, preventing the membrane from becoming too rigid

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why cholesterol is important in animal cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

It regulates membrane fluidity across temperature changes

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between genes and proteins?

Accepted Answer

Genes are sequences of DNA that carry information to make specific proteins

The Structure and Function of Macromolecules: General Biology SN1 Lecture 1 Study Notes

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard