Q: Which equation correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP to release energy?

$$ \mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + \text{energy} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the structure of the cell membrane according to the fluid mosaic model?

Accepted Answer

A double layer of phospholipids with proteins embedded and able to move laterally

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and possibly burst because water will move into the cell by osmosis

Question 3

Which of the following transport processes requires energy input from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 4

Which statement about membrane proteins is correct?

Accepted Answer

They can function as channels, carriers, or receptors

Question 5

A cell uses ATP to move sodium ions out and potassium ions in against their concentration gradients. Which process is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are necessary for many cellular reactions?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy barrier, allowing reactions to occur more rapidly

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback in enzyme regulation?

Accepted Answer

A product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an earlier enzyme in the pathway

Question 8

Which equation correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP to release energy?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + 	ext{energy} $$

Question 9

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypertonic relative to their blood cells. What is the most likely effect on the patient's red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will shrink as water leaves the cells

Question 10

Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

It uses membrane proteins to move substances down their concentration gradient

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of activation energy in a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

It is the energy required to break bonds in the reactants and start the reaction

Question 12

A cell engulfs a large particle by wrapping its membrane around it and forming a vesicle. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from low to high solute concentration

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of an endergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 15

A competitive inhibitor of an enzyme works by:

Accepted Answer

Binding to the active site and blocking substrate binding

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why the phospholipid bilayer forms the basic structure of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, causing them to arrange in a bilayer with tails inward

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between passive and active transport?

Accepted Answer

Passive transport moves substances down their concentration gradient without energy input, while active transport requires energy to move substances against their gradient

Question 19

A scientist adds a noncompetitive inhibitor to an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. What is the most likely effect?

Accepted Answer

The inhibitor binds to a site other than the active site, changing the enzyme's shape and reducing activity

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP acts as an energy currency, transferring energy to drive endergonic reactions

The Working Cell: Structure and Function of the Cell Membrane

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