Question 1

Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information according to the Central Dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA → RNA → Protein

Question 2

During transcription, which strand of DNA is used as the template for mRNA synthesis, and in which direction is the template strand read?

Accepted Answer

Template strand, 3' → 5'

Question 3

What is the role of the promoter sequence in transcription?

Accepted Answer

It is the DNA region where transcription factors and RNA polymerase bind to initiate transcription.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about gene expression in multicellular organisms is correct?

Accepted Answer

Different cell types express different genes, resulting in different proteins and functions.

Question 5

Which enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of mRNA from a DNA template during transcription?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Question 6

What is the significance of the 5’ cap and the poly(A) tail added to mRNA?

Accepted Answer

They stabilize mRNA and promote translation.

Question 7

Which sequences are removed from the transcribed RNA and are not translated into protein?

Accepted Answer

Introns

Question 8

Alternative splicing allows a single gene to:

Accepted Answer

Produce multiple types of mRNA and proteins.

Question 9

During transcription, new nucleotides are added to which end of the growing RNA strand?

Accepted Answer

3’ end

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why muscle cells, pancreas cells, and blood cells have different functions?

Accepted Answer

They express different genes, resulting in different proteins.

Question 11

Transcription factors are:

Accepted Answer

Proteins that bind to promoter sequences to regulate transcription.

Question 12

Which of the following is true about the directionality of transcription?

Accepted Answer

DNA is read 3’ → 5’ and RNA is synthesized 5’ → 3’

Question 13

A mutation in the promoter region of a gene is most likely to affect:

Accepted Answer

The initiation and regulation of transcription

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the coding strand and template strand is correct?

Accepted Answer

The template strand is read by RNA polymerase to synthesize mRNA.

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-life consequence of a change in DNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

It may change the function of the protein produced, potentially causing disease.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of dehydration synthesis during transcription?

Accepted Answer

A phosphodiester bond is formed between nucleotides, releasing water.

Question 17

If the template strand of DNA has the sequence 5’-ATCGGTA-3’, what will be the sequence of the mRNA produced?

Accepted Answer

3’-UAGCCAU-5’

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a function of the 5’ cap added to mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Removes introns from mRNA

Question 19

Which of the following statements about transcription in eukaryotes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Transcription occurs in the nucleus.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the coding strand and the mRNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

The coding strand and mRNA are identical except mRNA has U instead of T.

Transcription and Gene Expression: Structure, Function, and Regulation

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