Question 1

Which of the following statements correctly describes a difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains the base thymine, while RNA contains uracil.

Question 2

During transcription, which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Question 3

A segment of DNA has the sequence $$5'-ATGCGT-3'. $$What is the sequence of the complementary RNA transcript produced during transcription?

Accepted Answer

$$5'-UACGCA-3'$$

Question 4

Transcription in eukaryotes begins when RNA polymerase binds to which region of the DNA?

Accepted Answer

Promoter

Question 5

Which of the following modifications occur to eukaryotic mRNA before it leaves the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Addition of a 5' cap and a poly-A tail

Question 6

What is the function of the TATA box in eukaryotic transcription?

Accepted Answer

It is a binding site for transcription factors to help initiate transcription.

Question 7

Which statement best explains why promoters with multiple transcription factor binding sites are considered 'stronger'?

Accepted Answer

They produce more RNA because more transcription factors can bind and recruit RNA polymerase.

Question 8

In eukaryotic cells, which process removes non-coding regions from the pre-mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Splicing

Question 9

Which of the following is true about the relationship between the template strand of DNA and the RNA transcript?

Accepted Answer

The RNA transcript is complementary to the template strand, with uracil replacing thymine.

Question 10

A mutation in the promoter region of a gene most likely affects which aspect of gene expression?

Accepted Answer

The ability of RNA polymerase to initiate transcription

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of spliceosomes in mRNA processing?

Accepted Answer

They remove introns and join exons together.

Question 12

If a eukaryotic gene contains 5 exons and 4 introns, how many segments will be present in the mature mRNA after splicing?

Accepted Answer

5

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of the 5' cap and poly-A tail added to eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Coding for amino acids in the protein product

Question 14

A scientist isolates a mature mRNA molecule from a eukaryotic cell. Which of the following features would you expect to find?

Accepted Answer

A 5' cap and a poly-A tail

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why not all genetic material is transcribed during transcription?

Accepted Answer

Transcription is regulated by promoters and transcription factors, so only specific genes are transcribed as needed.

Question 16

Which of the following sequences is most likely to be found at a eukaryotic promoter region?

Accepted Answer

$$5'-TATAAA-3'$$

Question 17

A mutation causes the loss of the polyadenylation signal in a gene. What is the most likely consequence for the mRNA produced?

Accepted Answer

The mRNA will not receive a poly-A tail and may be rapidly degraded.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the direction in which RNA is synthesized during transcription?

Accepted Answer

RNA is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction.

Question 19

A patient has a genetic disorder caused by improper splicing of pre-mRNA. Which cellular structure is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Spliceosome

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the RNA transcript is identical to the non-template DNA strand except for uracil replacing thymine?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA complementary to the template strand, which matches the non-template strand sequence except for uracil.

Transcription: Making RNA from a DNA Template

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