$$5'\text{AUG GCC AAU GAC UUU CAA UAA}\ 3'$$

It is always $$5'\text{AUG}\ 3'$$ and codes for methionine.

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the direction in which the ribosome reads the mRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

5' → 3'

Question 2

A tRNA with the anticodon $$	ext{UAC} is $$carrying which amino acid?

Accepted Answer

Methionine

Question 3

Given the DNA template strand $$5'	ext{TAC GGC TTA CTG GAA TTT CAA TAA}\ 3'$$, what is the corresponding mRNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

$$5'	ext{AUG GCC AAU GAC UUU CAA UAA}\ 3'$$

Question 4

What is the function of aminoacyl tRNA synthetase in translation?

Accepted Answer

It attaches the correct amino acid to its corresponding tRNA.

Question 5

If the mRNA codon is $$5'	ext{GCA}\ 3'$$, what is the sequence of the tRNA anticodon?

Accepted Answer

$$3'	ext{CGU}\ 5'$$

Question 6

Which of the following codons signals the termination of translation?

Accepted Answer

$$5'	ext{UAA}\ 3'$$

Question 7

A polyribosome (polysome) is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Multiple ribosomes simultaneously translating the same mRNA.

Question 8

During translation, the peptide bond is formed between:

Accepted Answer

The amino acid in the P site and the amino acid in the A site.

Question 9

If the mRNA sequence is $$5'	ext{AUG GUA UAA}\ 3'$$, what is the resulting amino acid sequence?

Accepted Answer

Met-Val-Stop

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the genetic code is correct?

Accepted Answer

The code is redundant; some amino acids are specified by more than one codon.

Question 11

A mutation changes the DNA sequence from $$5'	ext{ATG}\ 3' to$$ $$5'	ext{ATA}\ 3'. $$What effect will this have on translation?

Accepted Answer

The start codon is lost, so translation may not initiate properly.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a component required for translation?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 13

The process of translation occurs in which cellular location?

Accepted Answer

Cytoplasm

Question 14

If a tRNA has the anticodon $$3'	ext{UAG}\ 5'$$ and is charged with isoleucine, what is the corresponding mRNA codon?

Accepted Answer

$$5'	ext{AUC}\ 3'$$

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why multiple ribosomes can translate a single mRNA simultaneously?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes attach to the mRNA after the previous ribosome has moved away from the start codon.

Question 16

Which of the following is true about the start codon in translation?

Accepted Answer

It is always $$5'	ext{AUG}\ 3'$$ and codes for methionine.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about tRNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

tRNA contains the anticodon that base pairs with the mRNA codon.

Question 18

A protein destined for secretion is synthesized on which cellular structure?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes bound to the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the DNA coding strand, template strand, and mRNA?

Accepted Answer

The mRNA sequence is complementary to the template strand and identical (except U for T) to the coding strand.

Translation: Decoding mRNA into Protein

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