Codon $$5'\text{AUG}3'$$, Methionine

It is always $$5'\text{AUG}3'$$, which codes for methionine.

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the direction in which the ribosome reads the mRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

5' to 3'

Question 2

A tRNA has the anticodon $$5'	ext{UAC}3'. $$Which mRNA codon will it recognize, and which amino acid will it carry?

Accepted Answer

Codon $$5'	ext{AUG}3'$$, Methionine

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the genetic code is correct?

Accepted Answer

There are 64 possible codons and 20 amino acids, so the code is redundant.

Question 4

Given the DNA template strand $$3'	ext{TAC}5'$$, what is the corresponding mRNA codon and the amino acid it codes for?

Accepted Answer

$$5'	ext{AUG}3'$$, Methionine

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a component required for translation?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 6

A mutation changes the codon $$5'	ext{UAC}3' to$$ $$5'	ext{UAA}3'. $$What is the consequence for translation?

Accepted Answer

Translation will terminate at this codon.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why multiple ribosomes can translate a single mRNA simultaneously?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes can attach to the mRNA at different points, forming a polyribosome (polysome) complex.

Question 8

If the mRNA sequence is $$5'	ext{AUG-GGC-UAA}3'$$, what is the resulting polypeptide sequence?

Accepted Answer

Methionine-Glycine

Question 9

Which of the following statements about tRNA charging is correct?

Accepted Answer

Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase attaches the correct amino acid to its corresponding tRNA.

Question 10

A protein destined for secretion is synthesized on which cellular structure?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes bound to the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 11

Which of the following codons is a stop codon?

Accepted Answer

$$5'	ext{UAA}3'$$

Question 12

During translation elongation, what happens after the peptide bond is formed between the amino acids in the P and A sites?

Accepted Answer

The ribosome shifts one codon to the right, moving the uncharged tRNA to the E site.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the coding strand of DNA and the mRNA produced during transcription?

Accepted Answer

The mRNA sequence is identical to the coding strand except U replaces T.

Question 14

A tRNA with the anticodon $$3'	ext{CGU}5'$$ will pair with which mRNA codon, and what amino acid does this codon specify?

Accepted Answer

$$5'	ext{GCA}3'$$, Alanine

Question 15

Which of the following is true about the start codon in translation?

Accepted Answer

It is always $$5'	ext{AUG}3'$$, which codes for methionine.

Question 16

If the mRNA sequence is $$5'	ext{AUG-CAA-GGC-UUU-CAA-UAA}3'$$, what is the resulting amino acid sequence?

Accepted Answer

Met-Gln-Gly-Phe-Gln

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the release factor during translation?

Accepted Answer

It binds to the stop codon in the A site and releases the polypeptide from the tRNA.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world example of translation errors leading to disease?

Accepted Answer

A single nucleotide mutation in the hemoglobin gene causing sickle cell anemia.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the directionality of protein synthesis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are synthesized from the N-terminus to the C-terminus.

Translation: Decoding mRNA into Protein

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