Q: Which of the following is the correct equation for photosynthesis?

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{light energy} \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 1

Which of the following best explains how enzymes speed up chemical reactions in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy required for the reaction to proceed.

Question 2

A scientist is studying the effect of pH on the activity of an enzyme that functions in the human stomach. Which of the following is most likely to occur if the pH is increased from 2 to 7?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme will denature, causing a decrease in activity.

Question 3

Which of the following statements correctly describes the role of ATP in cellular work?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in the bonds between its three phosphate groups, and releases energy when the bond between the second and third phosphate is broken.

Question 4

During glycolysis, a molecule of glucose ($$C_6H_{12}O_6$) is converted into two molecules of pyruvate. Which of the following is true regarding this process?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis splits a 6-carbon molecule into two 3-carbon molecules without releasing carbon dioxide.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of NADH and FADH$$_2 in $$cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

They are electron carriers that transport high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain.

Question 6

A patient is diagnosed with a mitochondrial disorder that reduces the surface area of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production via the electron transport chain

Question 7

In the absence of oxygen, which process allows glycolysis to continue by recycling NADH back to NAD$$^+$$?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct equation for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{light energy} ightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why plants have multiple types of pigments in their chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

To absorb a broader range of wavelengths of light for photosynthesis.

Question 10

During the light reactions of photosynthesis, what is the primary role of water?

Accepted Answer

To provide electrons to replace those lost by chlorophyll in photosystem II.

Question 11

Which of the following statements correctly compares ATP synthase function in cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

In both processes, ATP synthase uses the flow of H$$^+$$ ions across a membrane to synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate ($$P_i).$$

Question 12

A plant cell is exposed to a toxin that blocks the Calvin Cycle. Which of the following would be the most immediate effect?

Accepted Answer

The plant would be unable to fix carbon dioxide into glucose.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration in the global carbon cycle?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and produces glucose, while cellular respiration releases carbon dioxide by breaking down glucose.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the role of oxygen in aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, forming water.

Question 15

A competitive inhibitor affects an enzyme-catalyzed reaction by:

Accepted Answer

Binding to the active site and preventing substrate binding.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why the Krebs/Citric Acid Cycle runs twice for each molecule of glucose that enters cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Each glucose molecule produces two molecules of pyruvate, each of which is converted to Acetyl CoA and enters the cycle.

Question 17

Which of the following is a product of the Calvin Cycle and plays a direct role in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glucose ($$C_6H_{12}O_6$)

Question 18

A marathon runner experiences muscle fatigue and soreness after a race. Which metabolic process is most likely responsible for the buildup of lactic acid in their muscles?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid fermentation due to anaerobic conditions

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of stomata in plant leaves during photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

They allow carbon dioxide to enter and oxygen to exit the leaf.

Question 20

Which of the following correctly matches the stage of cellular respiration with its location in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis – cytoplasm; Krebs Cycle – mitochondrial matrix; Electron Transport Chain – inner mitochondrial membrane

Unit 3 Test Review Guide – Metabolism, Cellular Respiration, and Photosynthesis (General Biology)

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