Q: Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology as proposed by Crick?

$$\text{DNA} \xrightarrow{\text{transcription}} \text{RNA} \xrightarrow{\text{translation}} \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best summarizes the cell theory as postulated by Schwann and later modified by Virchow?

Accepted Answer

All living organisms are composed of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of structure for all organisms, and all cells arise only from preexisting cells.

Question 2

Which microscopy technique would be most appropriate for observing the dynamic movement of organelles in living cells without staining?

Accepted Answer

Phase-contrast microscopy

Question 3

A scientist wants to separate proteins from a cell extract based on their size and charge. Which combination of techniques would be most effective?

Accepted Answer

Chromatography and electrophoresis

Question 4

Which of the following units would be most appropriate for measuring the diameter of a typical bacterial cell?

Accepted Answer

$$\mu m ($$micrometer)

Question 5

Which discovery provided the first experimental evidence that biological molecules obey the laws of chemistry and physics?

Accepted Answer

Friedrich Wöhler’s synthesis of urea in the laboratory

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology as proposed by Crick?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} \xrightarrow{	ext{transcription}} 	ext{RNA} \xrightarrow{	ext{translation}} 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 7

A researcher uses a laser to illuminate a single plane of a fluorescently labeled specimen and collects digital images. Which microscopy technique is being used?

Accepted Answer

Confocal microscopy

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the scientific method is correct?

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is a tentative explanation that can be tested experimentally.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a correct pairing of a model organism and its contribution to cell biology?

Accepted Answer

Homo sapiens – First organism to have its entire genome sequenced

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the flow of genetic information is correct?

Accepted Answer

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is translated to produce protein.

Question 11

A scientist is using ultracentrifugation to separate organelles from a cell lysate. What property is primarily being exploited in this technique?

Accepted Answer

Density

Question 12

Which of the following is a real-world application of recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

Producing human insulin in bacteria for diabetes treatment

Question 13

Which of the following statements about the limits of resolution is correct?

Accepted Answer

The smaller the limit of resolution, the greater the resolving power.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

They act as biological catalysts to speed up chemical reactions.

Question 15

Which of the following is an exception to the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

Viruses with RNA genomes using reverse transcriptase

Question 16

A researcher wants to determine the amino acid sequence of a purified protein. Which technique should they use?

Accepted Answer

Mass spectrometry

Question 17

Which of the following '-omics' fields focuses on the study of all the genes transcribed in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Transcriptomics

Question 18

Which of the following statements about scientific facts is most accurate according to the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

Scientific facts are provisional and subject to change based on new evidence.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between in vivo and in vitro experiments?

Accepted Answer

In vivo experiments are performed in living organisms, while in vitro experiments are performed outside living organisms.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the use of model organisms in cell biology is correct?

Accepted Answer

Model organisms are well-studied, easy to manipulate, and provide insights applicable to other species.

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