Q: Which equation best represents the breakdown of phenylalanine in a healthy individual?

$$\text{Phenylalanine} + \text{O}_2 \rightarrow \text{Useful Chemicals} + \text{CO}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a cellular component involved in transportation across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Cytoskeleton

Question 2

A patient suffers a stroke due to a blood clot blocking an artery in the brain. Which type of cellular injury is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

Deficit injury

Question 3

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disorder that results in the accumulation of which endogenous toxin?

Accepted Answer

Phenylpyruvic acid

Question 4

Which organelle is primarily responsible for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 5

Free radical injury is most commonly associated with which of the following cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrial respiration

Question 6

Which adaptive cellular response involves an increase in cell number?

Accepted Answer

Hyperplasia

Question 7

A patient with diabetes mellitus is found to have excess glycogen in their liver cells. This is an example of which type of cellular injury?

Accepted Answer

Reversible injury: cellular accumulation

Question 8

Which of the following best describes apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

Orderly programmed cell death

Question 9

Which equation best represents the breakdown of phenylalanine in a healthy individual?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Phenylalanine} + 	ext{O}_2 ightarrow 	ext{Useful Chemicals} + 	ext{CO}_2 + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O}$$

Question 10

Which of the following is a common feature of cerebral atrophy?

Accepted Answer

Reduction in size of neurons

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a compensatory cellular response to stress?

Accepted Answer

Hyperglycemia

Question 12

A patient presents with enlarged hands, feet, and facial features. Laboratory tests reveal elevated levels of IGF-1. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly

Question 13

Which feedback mechanism normally regulates growth hormone (GH) release?

Accepted Answer

Somatostatin inhibits GH release in response to IGF-1

Question 14

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of irreversible cellular injury?

Accepted Answer

Cell death

Question 15

Which of the following best describes metaplasia?

Accepted Answer

Change in cell type

Question 16

Which of the following is most likely to result from excess accumulation of water in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Cell membrane distortion

Question 17

Which of the following is a primary function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of cellular waste

Question 18

A patient with alcoholic fatty liver disease is most likely experiencing which type of cellular accumulation?

Accepted Answer

Lipids

Question 19

Which of the following is a plausible reason why neurologic function cannot be completely restored after cerebral atrophy?

Accepted Answer

Neurons cannot regenerate once lost

Question 20

Which of the following treatments is most appropriate for acromegaly caused by a pituitary adenoma?

Accepted Answer

Surgical removal of adenoma

Altered Cells & Tissues: Cellular Injury, Adaptation, and Disease

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