Question 1

Which process is responsible for joining two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide, and what is a byproduct of this reaction?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis; $$\mathrm{H_2O}$$

Question 2

A patient is unable to digest lactose due to a deficiency in the enzyme lactase. Which chemical reaction is directly affected in this patient?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis of lactose

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the structural difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids contain only single bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids contain one or more double bonds.

Question 4

Which polysaccharide is highly branched and serves as the main storage form of glucose in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 5

During the formation of a triglyceride, how many molecules of water are released?

Accepted Answer

Three

Question 6

Which of the following monosaccharides is a component of both DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

Ribose

Question 7

A peptide bond is formed between which two functional groups of adjacent amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Amino group and carboxyl group

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why cellulose cannot be digested by humans?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack the enzyme to break the $$\beta-$$glycosidic bonds in cellulose.

Question 9

Which of the following is true regarding the hydrolysis of a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

It requires the input of water and releases energy.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct representation of the general formula for a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_nH_{2n}O_n}$$

Question 11

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

They contain two fatty acid tails and a phosphate group attached to glycerol.

Question 12

Which nitrogenous base is found only in RNA and not in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Question 13

A scientist is studying the breakdown of starch into glucose molecules. Which process is she investigating?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the bond formed between nucleotides in a DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bond between the 5' phosphate and 3' hydroxyl groups

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of the difference in structure between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids tend to be liquid at room temperature, while saturated fatty acids are solid.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions

Question 17

Which of the following correctly matches the polysaccharide with its function?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen – energy storage in animals

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the formation of maltose is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is formed by a dehydration synthesis reaction between two glucose molecules.

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the hydrolysis of a peptide bond?

Accepted Answer

Addition of $$\mathrm{H_2O}$$, breaking of the bond, release of energy

Biological Macromolecules: Structure, Formation, and Function

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