Q: Which equation correctly represents the overall process of aerobic cellular respiration?

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the synthesis of proteins that are destined for secretion from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 2

A cell is placed in a solution with a higher concentration of solutes than inside the cell. Which process will occur, and what is the expected outcome?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis; water will move out of the cell, causing it to shrink

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A dynamic structure with proteins embedded in a phospholipid bilayer

Question 4

During cellular respiration, which stage produces the most ATP, and through what process?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation; chemiosmosis

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the overall process of aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 6

A patient with a mitochondrial disorder is unable to efficiently carry out oxidative phosphorylation. Which of the following would most likely be observed in their cells?

Accepted Answer

Increased production of ATP via glycolysis

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the Calvin Cycle is correct?

Accepted Answer

It fixes carbon dioxide into organic molecules using ATP and NADPH

Question 8

Which of the following is a key difference between flagellar motility and amoeboid motility?

Accepted Answer

Flagellar motility is powered by ATP-driven microtubule movement, while amoeboid motility depends on actin polymerization

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why fermentation produces less ATP than aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation does not fully oxidize glucose, so fewer electrons are transferred to electron carriers

Question 10

Which organelles are part of the endomembrane system and directly involved in the production and secretion of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER, Golgi apparatus, and vesicles

Question 11

A cell is exposed to a toxin that inhibits the function of NADH. Which stage of cellular respiration would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain

Question 12

Which of the following equations represents the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$2\mathrm{H_2O} + 2\mathrm{NADP^+} + 3\mathrm{ADP} + 3\mathrm{P_i} + 	ext{light} ightarrow 2\mathrm{NADPH} + 2\mathrm{H^+} + 3\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{O_2$}$$

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the path of a newly synthesized protein destined for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER → Golgi apparatus → vesicle → plasma membrane

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the semi-permeability of biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

Small, nonpolar molecules can diffuse through, while large or charged molecules require transport proteins

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-world example of active transport in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Sodium-potassium pump maintaining ion gradients across nerve cell membranes

Question 16

Which of the following best explains the role of electron carriers in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

They transfer electrons to the electron transport chain, enabling ATP production

Question 17

Which of the following is a key structural difference between mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplasts contain thylakoid membranes, while mitochondria have cristae

Question 18

A cell is undergoing autophagy. Which organelle is most directly involved in this process?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 19

Which of the following is a multi-step process that integrates concepts of metabolism and regulation: If a cell is deprived of oxygen, what happens to the rate of glycolysis and why?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis speeds up to compensate for decreased ATP from oxidative phosphorylation, as NAD+ is regenerated by fermentation

Cell Biology Exam 2 Study Guide: Eukaryotic Cells, Membranes, Metabolism, and Photosynthesis

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