$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O} + \text{ATP}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a defining feature of all cells?

Accepted Answer

Ability to replicate independently without any external factors

Question 2

Viruses are not considered alive because they lack which of the following cellular features?

Accepted Answer

The ability to metabolize independently

Question 3

Which of the following is a feature unique to eukaryotic cells compared to prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria and Golgi apparatus

Question 4

Which organelle is responsible for packaging and shipping proteins to their final destinations inside or outside the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{ATP}$$

Question 6

Which of the following organelles is primarily responsible for breaking down hydrogen peroxide ($$\mathrm{H_2O_2}) in $$the cell?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 7

Which structure is found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 8

Which of the following statements best describes the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as independent prokaryotic cells that were engulfed by a host cell

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 10

Which type of cell junction is unique to plant cells and allows for direct communication between adjacent cells?

Accepted Answer

Plasmodesmata

Question 11

Which cytoskeletal element is most involved in muscle contraction and maintaining cell shape?

Accepted Answer

Actin microfilaments

Question 12

Which of the following best explains the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Proteins and lipids move laterally within the membrane, creating a dynamic and flexible structure

Question 13

Which process involves the cell engulfing large particles by surrounding them with its membrane to form a vacuole?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 14

Which of the following statements about active transport is correct?

Accepted Answer

It requires ATP to move molecules against their concentration gradient

Question 15

Which organelle contains its own DNA and is involved in energy production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis by translating mRNA

Question 17

Which of the following best describes autophagy?

Accepted Answer

The process by which cells break down and recycle their own components

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol helps buffer membrane fluidity, preventing it from becoming too rigid or too fluid

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct sequence for gene expression in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{mRNA} ightarrow 	ext{polypeptide} ightarrow 	ext{protein}$$

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining cell shape and facilitating cell division

Cell Biology Fundamentals: Structure, Function, and Classification of Cells

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