Question 1

Which of the following best describes the molecular structure shown in Image 1?

Accepted Answer

A segment of double-stranded DNA with complementary base pairing

Question 2

In Image 2, which part of the phospholipid molecule is hydrophobic and found in the interior of the lipid bilayer?

Accepted Answer

The fatty acid tails

Question 3

Referencing Image 2, which chemical property of the phospholipid tails contributes most to membrane fluidity at low temperatures?

Accepted Answer

The presence of unsaturated fatty acids with double bonds

Question 4

Based on Images 3 and 4, what happens to the orientation of a transmembrane protein as it moves from the ER to the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

The orientation of the N- and C-termini remains the same relative to the cytosol

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplasts

Question 6

Which of the following statements about microtubules and microfilaments is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Both filaments originate from a structure known as the MTOC

Question 7

A microtubule protofilament is formed by:

Accepted Answer

Head-to-tail association of tubulin dimers

Question 8

Which process is described by the addition of actin subunits to the + end and loss from the – end, resulting in a dynamic steady state?

Accepted Answer

Actin filament treadmilling

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT included in a coated budding vesicle?

Accepted Answer

t-SNARES

Question 10

Vesicle coat proteins function in selecting specific proteins for cargo. Is this statement true or false?

Accepted Answer

True

Question 11

Centrioles are examples of doublet microtubules. Is this statement true or false?

Accepted Answer

False

Question 12

If a mutation caused the fatty acid tails in membrane phospholipids to become fully saturated, what would be the most likely effect on membrane properties at low temperature?

Accepted Answer

The membrane would become more rigid and less fluid

Question 13

Which of the following equations correctly represents the number of hydrogen bonds between guanine and cytosine in a DNA double helix?

Accepted Answer

$$n_{GC} 	imes 3$$

Question 14

A scientist isolates a vesicle with the following components: GTPase switch proteins, coat proteins, and cargo proteins, but no t-SNARES. What is the most likely function of this vesicle?

Accepted Answer

It is involved in cargo selection and budding, but not yet ready for membrane fusion

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why cholesterol is important in animal cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

It maintains membrane fluidity by preventing tight packing of phospholipids at low temperatures and restraining movement at high temperatures

Question 16

A mutation causes a transmembrane protein to have its N-terminus in the cytosol and C-terminus in the ER lumen. As the protein moves to the plasma membrane, where will the N-terminus be located?

Accepted Answer

Cytosol

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process by which vesicle coats are removed before fusion with the target membrane?

Accepted Answer

GTP hydrolysis by GTPase switch proteins triggers uncoating

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world example of actin filament treadmilling in human cells?

Accepted Answer

The movement of white blood cells during an immune response

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why microtubules are essential for mitosis?

Accepted Answer

They form the mitotic spindle, which separates chromosomes during cell division

Cell Biology: Membranes, Cytoskeleton, and Protein Trafficking Study Guide

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