Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane of animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It increases membrane fluidity at high temperatures and decreases it at low temperatures.

Question 2

A researcher is studying the movement of glucose across a cell membrane. She observes that glucose moves down its concentration gradient without the use of ATP, but requires a specific membrane protein. Which transport mechanism is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the net reaction of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Glucose} + 2\ \mathrm{NAD}^+ + 2\ \mathrm{ADP} + 2\ \mathrm{P_i} \rightarrow 2\ \mathrm{Pyruvate} + 2\ \mathrm{NADH} + 2\ \mathrm{ATP} + 2\ \mathrm{H_2O}$$

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the sodium-potassium pump ($$\mathrm{Na^+/K^+}$$ ATPase) is correct?

Accepted Answer

It moves 3 $$\mathrm{Na^+}$$ ions out of the cell and 2 $$\mathrm{K^+}$$ ions into the cell per ATP hydrolyzed.

Question 5

A mutation causes a defect in the enzyme hexokinase. Which step of glycolysis would be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

The phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why ATP is considered the 'energy currency' of the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP hydrolysis releases energy that can be used to drive endergonic reactions.

Question 7

During oxidative phosphorylation, which equation best represents the coupling of electron transport to ATP synthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Electron\ transport} \rightarrow \mathrm{Proton\ gradient} \rightarrow \mathrm{ATP\ synthesis}$$

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) in liver cells?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of drugs and synthesis of lipids

Question 9

A patient has a genetic disorder that impairs the function of peroxisomes. Which cellular process is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of very long-chain fatty acids

Question 10

Which of the following statements about photosystem II (PSII) in photosynthesis is correct?

Accepted Answer

PSII is responsible for splitting water and generating oxygen.

Question 11

Which process is responsible for the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA in the mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

Question 12

A cell is placed in a solution with a lower solute concentration than its cytoplasm. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will enter the cell, causing it to swell.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of SNARE proteins in vesicular transport?

Accepted Answer

They mediate the fusion of vesicles with target membranes.

Question 14

Which equation represents the Calvin cycle's fixation of carbon dioxide?

Accepted Answer

$$6\ \mathrm{CO_2$} + 12\ \mathrm{NADPH} + 18\ \mathrm{ATP} \rightarrow \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 12\ \mathrm{NADP}^+ + 18\ \mathrm{ADP} + 18\ \mathrm{P_i}$$

Question 15

A cell is unable to produce sufficient catalase. Which consequence is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of hydrogen peroxide leading to oxidative damage

Question 16

Which of the following is a key difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion requires membrane proteins, while simple diffusion does not.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the electron transport chain (ETC) in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

It creates a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Question 18

A patient with Tay-Sachs disease has a deficiency in a lysosomal enzyme. What is the primary cellular consequence?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of undigested lipids in lysosomes

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is studded with ribosomes and involved in protein synthesis for secretion.

Cell Biology Midterm 2 Review Guide: Membranes, Transport, Endomembrane System, Metabolism, and Photosynthesis

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