Question 1

Which of the following best describes the amphipathic nature of phospholipids in the plasma membrane, as shown in the first image?

Accepted Answer

They have both hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, allowing them to form a bilayer with heads facing outward and tails inward.

Question 2

Which class of membrane lipid is derived from sphingosine, as illustrated in the second image?

Accepted Answer

Sphingolipids

Question 3

What is the primary function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

To modulate membrane fluidity by interfering with the movement of phospholipid fatty acid tails

Question 4

Which of the following statements about membrane carbohydrates is correct?

Accepted Answer

Most membrane carbohydrates are covalently linked to proteins, forming glycoproteins.

Question 5

A person with blood type B has which terminal sugar on their red blood cell glycolipids, as shown in the fifth image?

Accepted Answer

Galactose

Question 6

Which type of membrane protein spans the entire lipid bilayer and often functions as a channel or transporter, as shown in the sixth image?

Accepted Answer

Integral membrane protein

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the attachment of peripheral membrane proteins, as shown in the seventh image?

Accepted Answer

They are attached to the membrane surface by noncovalent interactions with lipid head groups or integral proteins.

Question 8

A deficiency in GPI anchor synthesis can lead to which of the following clinical outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Increased susceptibility of red blood cells to lysis, as seen in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Question 9

What does a hydropathy plot, as shown in the ninth image, help to identify in a protein sequence?

Accepted Answer

Transmembrane segments based on hydrophobicity

Question 10

Which of the following transport processes requires energy input and moves ions against their concentration gradient, as shown in the tenth image?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 11

A red blood cell placed in a hypotonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Gain water and swell

Question 12

Facilitated diffusion of glucose across the plasma membrane, as shown in the twelfth image, is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A conformational change in the transporter protein upon glucose binding

Question 13

The Na+/K+ ATPase pump, as shown in the thirteenth image, is classified as which type of transporter?

Accepted Answer

P-type ATPase

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the mitochondrial inner membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is highly impermeable to most small molecules and contains proteins involved in ATP synthesis.

Question 15

Where does the TCA cycle take place within the cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrial matrix

Question 16

Which of the following is a direct product of the fatty acid cycle that enters the TCA cycle?

Accepted Answer

Acetyl CoA

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why mitochondrial diseases are often inherited maternally?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrial DNA is inherited almost exclusively from the mother.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal tissues?

Accepted Answer

Providing mechanical support and regulating cell migration

Question 19

Which ECM protein is most responsible for high tensile strength in connective tissues?

Accepted Answer

Collagen

Question 20

Which type of cell junction is primarily responsible for allowing the passage of ions and small molecules directly between adjacent animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junction

Cell Biology Study Guide: Plasma Membrane Structure, Function, and Aerobic Respiration

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