Q: Which equation best represents the process of aerobic respiration occurring in mitochondria?

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{ATP}$$

Question 1

Which of the following organelles is found only in plant cells and is responsible for converting light energy into chemical energy?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell under an electron microscope and notes the presence of 70S ribosomes, but no membrane-bound organelles. What type of cell is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 3

Which organelle is described as the 'post office' of the cell due to its role in processing, packaging, and sorting proteins and lipids?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 4

A mutation causes a cell to lose its ability to digest worn-out organelles and cellular debris. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT evidence supporting the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

They are formed by budding from the Golgi apparatus

Question 6

In a plant cell, which organelle is responsible for maintaining turgidity and can occupy up to 70% of the cytoplasmic space?

Accepted Answer

Vacuole

Question 7

Which enzyme found in lysosomes is responsible for digesting nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Nuclease

Question 8

A cell is observed to have a large number of cristae within its organelles. What is the primary function of these cristae?

Accepted Answer

Increase surface area for ATP production

Question 9

Which organelle contains enzymes such as catalase and oxidase to break down hydrogen peroxide, a toxic by-product of metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 10

A cell biologist is studying vesicle trafficking. Which organelle is most directly involved in sorting and shipping vesicles to their correct destinations?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 11

Which of the following correctly matches the organelle with its function?

Accepted Answer

Centrosome – microtubule assembly

Question 12

A patient has a genetic disorder affecting the function of the tonoplast. Which cellular process is most likely to be disrupted?

Accepted Answer

Transport of substances into and out of the plant cell vacuole

Question 13

Which of the following organelles is involved in autophagy, the breakdown and recycling of worn-out organelles?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 14

Which organelle is responsible for the assembly of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Nucleolus

Question 15

A cell is observed to have a large, dark organelle under electron microscopy. It is most likely a lysosome. What feature distinguishes lysosomes from peroxisomes in electron micrographs?

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes are larger and darker in color

Question 16

Which of the following statements about mitochondria is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

They are present in mature red blood cells

Question 17

Which organelle is most directly involved in the synthesis of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 18

A plant cell is exposed to a toxin that disrupts the function of thylakoids. Which process will be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the stroma in the chloroplast?

Accepted Answer

It contains DNA and ribosomes

Question 20

Which equation best represents the process of aerobic respiration occurring in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{ATP}$$

5-Cell Organelles: Structure, Function, and Evolution

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