Question 1

Which of the following is a key structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 2

The capsule (slime layer) of a prokaryotic cell serves all of the following functions EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Carrying out cellular respiration

Question 3

Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 4

A bacterium is placed in a hypotonic solution. Which cell structure is primarily responsible for preventing the bacterium from bursting?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of the central vacuole in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

It stores water and maintains turgor pressure.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about membrane fluidity is correct?

Accepted Answer

Membranes with a high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids are more fluid at room temperature.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why animal fats like butter are solid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

Their fatty acid tails are closely packed due to the absence of double bonds.

Question 8

A scientist uses freeze-fracture electron microscopy to study a cell membrane. She observes pits and mounds in the middle of the lipid bilayer. What is the most likely cause of these features?

Accepted Answer

Integral membrane proteins

Question 9

Which of the following experimental techniques is used to demonstrate the mobility of membrane proteins by photobleaching a spot and observing recovery of fluorescence?

Accepted Answer

Laser Bleaching (FRAP)

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure?

Accepted Answer

A dynamic structure with proteins and lipids able to move laterally within the bilayer

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of cholesterol in animal cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

It reduces membrane permeability and modulates membrane fluidity.

Question 12

A detergent is used to isolate membrane proteins from a cell. What property of detergents allows them to do this?

Accepted Answer

They form micelles and coat hydrophobic regions of proteins and lipids.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why plant oils are liquid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

Their fatty acid tails are not closely packed due to the presence of double bonds.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of bacterial chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

They are circular and located in the nucleoid region.

Question 15

A researcher is studying a cell that contains a cell wall, central vacuole, and chloroplasts. Which type of cell is she most likely studying?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize proteins.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the cell wall is correct?

Accepted Answer

It determines the shape of bacteria and protects against osmotic changes.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world application of SDS-PAGE in cell biology research?

Accepted Answer

Separating membrane proteins by size for further analysis

Question 19

A scientist is using helium ion microscopy (HIM) to study a biological sample. What is a major advantage of HIM over traditional scanning electron microscopy (SEM)?

Accepted Answer

HIM can image insulating biological samples without additional conductive coatings.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the fluid mosaic model is important for cell function?

Accepted Answer

It enables lateral movement of proteins and lipids, facilitating cell signaling and membrane repair.

Cell Types and Membrane Structure: Foundations of Cell Biology

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