Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between anabolic and catabolic metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

Anabolic pathways build complex molecules from simpler ones, requiring energy input, while catabolic pathways break down complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy.

Question 2

During aerobic respiration, how many net ATP molecules are produced from one molecule of glucose after glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

$$\approx 36$$

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the electron transport chain (ETC) in mitochondria is correct?

Accepted Answer

The ETC creates a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, which drives ATP synthesis via chemiosmosis.

Question 4

A facultative organism is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

An organism that can switch between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism depending on oxygen availability.

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events for the aerobic catabolism of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis $$\rightarrow$$ pyruvate oxidation $$\rightarrow$$ citric acid cycle $$\rightarrow$$ oxidative phosphorylation

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis and initial folding of secretory and membrane proteins

Question 7

A protein destined for secretion is synthesized and processed through which sequence of organelles?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER $$\rightarrow$$ Golgi apparatus $$\rightarrow$$ plasma membrane

Question 8

Which coat protein is associated with vesicles moving from the ER to the Golgi (anterograde transport)?

Accepted Answer

COPII

Question 9

During SNARE-mediated membrane fusion, which proteins are responsible for bringing the vesicle and target membranes together?

Accepted Answer

v-SNAREs and t-SNAREs

Question 10

A mutation in the signal recognition particle (SRP) would most likely affect which cellular process?

Accepted Answer

Cotranslational import of proteins into the ER

Question 11

Which of the following best describes receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

It involves clathrin-coated vesicles, adaptor proteins, and dynamin to internalize specific ligands bound to cell surface receptors.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

Accepted Answer

Drug detoxification and steroid biosynthesis

Question 13

Which of the following statements about the citric acid cycle is correct?

Accepted Answer

It occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and generates NADH, FADH$$_2$$, and ATP.

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

It is primarily established by the movement of K$$^+$$ ions out of the cell and the activity of the Na$$^+/K$^+$$ ATPase.

Question 15

Which glial cell is responsible for myelinating axons in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 16

During an action potential, which event occurs first?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization due to Na$$^+$$ influx

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct electrical signals faster than nonmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelinated axons allow action potentials to jump between nodes of Ranvier via saltatory conduction.

Question 18

A patient is diagnosed with a defect in β-oxidation. Which of the following would most likely be affected?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of fatty acids to generate acetyl-CoA for the citric acid cycle.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of the fate of endocytosed ligands and receptors after receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Ligands may be degraded in lysosomes, while receptors can be recycled back to the plasma membrane.

Cellular Energetics, Endomembrane System & Trafficking, and Signal Transduction: Study Notes

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard