$$\text{Bond energy} = \text{amount of energy required to break 1\,mol\,(6 \times 10$$^{23}$$)\,of\,such\,bonds}$$

Question 1

Which property of water is primarily responsible for the ability of insects to walk on its surface?

Accepted Answer

High surface tension

Question 2

Why are carbon-carbon bonds particularly suitable for forming the backbone of biological macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

They have high bond energy, making them stable under Earth's conditions

Question 3

Which of the following functional groups is negatively charged at physiological pH?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group

Question 4

A cell membrane is described as 'selectively permeable.' What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

It allows some molecules to pass while restricting others

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why water is an efficient solvent for ionic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Water forms hydration shells around ions due to its polarity

Question 6

Which of the following is a direct result of water's high specific heat in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Cells maintain stable internal temperatures despite external changes

Question 7

Which of the following statements about macromolecule biosynthesis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Polymerization requires energy input, often from ATP

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a property of water that is critical for life?

Accepted Answer

Low surface tension

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the principle of self-assembly in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

The information for folding and assembly is inherent in the polymer sequence

Question 10

Which of the following molecules would most easily cross a pure phospholipid bilayer?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$\mathrm{O_2$})$$

Question 11

Which equation correctly represents the energy required to break one mole of a specific bond?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Bond energy} = 	ext{amount of energy required to break 1\,mol\,(6 	imes 10$$^{23}$$)\,of\,such\,bonds}$$

Question 12

Which of the following is a neutral but polar functional group commonly found in biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group

Question 13

A mutation causes a cell membrane to lose its selective permeability. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell will be unable to regulate its internal environment

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the structure of water is correct?

Accepted Answer

Water is a bent molecule with a bond angle of approximately $$104.5^\circ$$

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why ionic bonds are weaker in aqueous solutions than covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

Water forms hydration shells around ions, reducing their attraction

Question 16

Which process is responsible for breaking down macromolecules into their monomers in cells?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the biosynthesis of a protein?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids $$\rightarrow$$ Protein

Question 18

Which property of water is most important for evaporative cooling in organisms?

Accepted Answer

High heat of vaporization

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-life example of self-assembly in biology?

Accepted Answer

The spontaneous folding of a protein into its functional shape

Question 20

Which of the following statements about carbon is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can only form linear chains

Chapter 2: The Chemistry of the Cell – Key Principles and Molecular Foundations

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