Question 1

Which statement best describes the Central Dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

Genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.

Question 2

During transcription, which enzyme synthesizes RNA using a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why a cell can produce different amounts of protein from different genes?

Accepted Answer

Gene expression is regulated, allowing different genes to be transcribed and translated at different rates.

Question 4

If a DNA sequence reads 5'-ATGCGT-3', what would be the corresponding RNA sequence produced during transcription?

Accepted Answer

5'-AUGCGU-3'

Question 5

Which process converts the information in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Question 6

A mutation occurs in the promoter region of a gene. What is the most likely effect?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase may not bind efficiently, reducing transcription of the gene.

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the flow of genetic information according to the Central Dogma?

Accepted Answer

$$DNA \rightarrow RNA \rightarrow Protein$$

Question 8

A cell has two genes, gene A and gene B. Gene A is transcribed and translated much more than gene B. What is a possible reason for this difference?

Accepted Answer

Gene A has a stronger promoter, leading to more frequent transcription.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a step in the process of gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Replication

Question 10

If a cell needs to rapidly increase the amount of a specific protein, which process would most likely be upregulated?

Accepted Answer

Transcription of the gene encoding the protein

Question 11

Which molecule serves as the template for RNA synthesis during transcription?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Question 12

A scientist observes that a particular mRNA is present in high amounts but the corresponding protein is low. Which process might be malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of RNA in the Central Dogma?

Accepted Answer

RNA acts as an intermediate, carrying genetic information from DNA to the site of protein synthesis.

Question 14

In the process of gene expression, what is the correct order of events?

Accepted Answer

Transcription, then translation

Question 15

Which of the following is a direct product of transcription?

Accepted Answer

mRNA

Question 16

A mutation in the gene sequence changes an adenine (A) to a guanine (G). What is the most likely consequence during transcription?

Accepted Answer

The mRNA will have a cytosine (C) instead of a uracil (U) at the corresponding position.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why different cell types in the same organism can have different functions?

Accepted Answer

They express different sets of genes, leading to production of different proteins.

Question 18

Which process is responsible for synthesizing a complementary RNA strand from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 19

Which of the following is a possible outcome if translation is inhibited in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Proteins will not be synthesized from mRNA.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the relationship between a gene and a protein?

Accepted Answer

A gene is a segment of DNA that encodes the instructions for making a specific protein.

Chapter 7: From DNA to Protein – The Central Dogma and Gene Expression

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