Question 1

Which of the following best describes mesenchymal cells during embryonic development?

Accepted Answer

Embryonic cells that are unconnected, independent, and migratory

Question 2

The process by which all tissues and organs are formed de novo during development is called:

Accepted Answer

Epigenesis

Question 3

Which of the following statements about homologous and analogous structures is correct?

Accepted Answer

Analogous structures have similar function but different evolutionary origin

Question 4

A teratogen is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

An exogenous agent that disrupts development

Question 5

Alternative splicing of mRNA can result in:

Accepted Answer

Generation of different mRNAs from the same gene

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of cadherins?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing the removal of introns from mRNA

Question 7

In humans, which statement about egg cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

Egg cells are only generated before birth

Question 8

Polyploidy in the context of cell biology refers to:

Accepted Answer

A cell with multiple sets of chromosomes

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the cell cycle in embryos is correct?

Accepted Answer

During cleavage, the mass of the embryo does not increase

Question 10

The blastula stage in animal development is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A hollow sphere of cells surrounding a fluid-filled cavity

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the placenta in mammals?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 12

The dorsal-ventral polarity of the neural tube is controlled by a gradient of:

Accepted Answer

Sonic hedgehog and TGF-β proteins

Question 13

Which organ contains the neural crest-derived cells?

Accepted Answer

Adrenal gland

Question 14

Which of the following does NOT contribute to the development of somites?

Accepted Answer

Heart

Question 15

The formation of a testis from a bipotential, undifferentiated gonad is induced by:

Accepted Answer

Anti-Müllerian factor

Question 16

Which hormone is responsible for inducing metamorphosis in amphibians?

Accepted Answer

Thyroxine hormone

Question 17

Which of the following is a transient structure during vertebrate development?

Accepted Answer

Notochord

Question 18

The Wolffian duct in mammals gives rise to:

Accepted Answer

Parts of the male reproductive organs

Question 19

Which of the following is a major factor promoting aging of cells?

Accepted Answer

Reactive oxygen species

Question 20

Which equation best represents the relationship between the number of cells after $$n$$ rounds of cleavage, starting from a single cell?

Accepted Answer

$$N = 2^n$$

Dev Bio 09 2021 (Exam Study Guide)

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