Question 1

Which protein is primarily responsible for forming the contractile ring that leads to septation during binary fission in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

FtsZ

Question 2

During which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 3

A mutation in the gene encoding the FtsZ protein in bacteria would most likely result in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Inability to form a septum and complete cell division

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the role of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) in the eukaryotic cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

They phosphorylate target proteins to regulate cell cycle progression

Question 5

If a eukaryotic cell is unable to form a functional kinetochore, what is the most likely consequence during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids will not separate properly

Question 6

Which checkpoint in the eukaryotic cell cycle ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle before anaphase begins?

Accepted Answer

Spindle (M) checkpoint

Question 7

A cell with a mutation in both copies of a tumor suppressor gene is most likely to:

Accepted Answer

Lose control over cell cycle progression and potentially become cancerous

Question 8

Which of the following equations correctly represents the number of chromosomes in a human somatic cell?

Accepted Answer

$$2n = 46$$

Question 9

In binary fission, what is the function of the origin of replication (ori)?

Accepted Answer

It is the site where DNA replication begins

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why rapidly growing bacterial cells can complete binary fission every 20 minutes?

Accepted Answer

They initiate new rounds of DNA replication before the previous round is complete

Question 11

A patient is diagnosed with a mutation in the p53 gene. What is the most likely cellular consequence?

Accepted Answer

Failure to arrest the cell cycle in response to DNA damage

Question 12

Which of the following events occurs during metaphase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes align at the cell's equator

Question 13

Which of the following is a key difference between mitosis in eukaryotes and binary fission in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis involves spindle fibers, while binary fission does not

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

It promotes the separation of sister chromatids by targeting proteins for degradation

Question 15

A researcher observes a eukaryotic cell in which chromosomes are fully condensed, the nuclear envelope is disintegrated, and spindle fibers are attached to kinetochores. Which phase is this cell most likely in?

Accepted Answer

Prometaphase

Question 16

Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They carry the same genes but may have different alleles

Question 17

If a cell has 4 copies of its chromosome during rapid growth, which process is most likely occurring?

Accepted Answer

Multiple rounds of DNA replication are initiated before cell division is complete

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of condensin during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

It binds DNA to condense chromosomes

Question 19

A cell is observed to have chromosomes at opposite poles, a reforming nuclear envelope, and decondensing chromatin. Which mitotic phase is this?

Accepted Answer

Telophase

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct sequence of mitotic phases?

Accepted Answer

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Mitosis and Binary Fission: Mechanisms of Cellular Division

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