Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between matter, chemical elements, and atoms?

Accepted Answer

Matter is made of chemical elements, which are made of atoms.

Question 2

A neutral atom of oxygen has an atomic number of 8 and a mass number of 16. How many neutrons does it have?

Accepted Answer

$$8$$

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why neon (Ne) is chemically unreactive?

Accepted Answer

Its valence shell is full of electrons.

Question 4

How many valence electrons does a nitrogen atom (atomic number 7) have?

Accepted Answer

$$5$$

Question 5

Which of the following is true about isotopes of the same element?

Accepted Answer

They have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 6

A radioactive isotope has a half-life of 5,000 years. How much of a 20 g sample will remain after 10,000 years?

Accepted Answer

$$2.5 g$$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

An interaction resulting from the sharing of electrons between two atoms.

Question 8

What makes a covalent bond nonpolar?

Accepted Answer

The bonded atoms have equal electronegativities.

Question 9

Which of the following is a property of hydrogen bonds?

Accepted Answer

They are weak individually but strong collectively, and are important in the structure of water and macromolecules.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes an anion?

Accepted Answer

An atom that has gained an electron and is negatively charged.

Question 11

Which of the following is true for all atoms that are anions?

Accepted Answer

They have more electrons than protons.

Question 12

Which type of bond is responsible for holding the hydrogens and oxygen together within a single water molecule?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 13

Which of the following is a real-world application of radioactive isotopes?

Accepted Answer

All of the above.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the octet rule?

Accepted Answer

Atoms are most stable when their valence shell contains eight electrons.

Question 15

Which of the following neutral atoms would be most likely to lose an electron and become a cation of +1?

Accepted Answer

An atom with one valence electron.

Question 16

Which of the following is a type of intramolecular bond?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 17

If an oxygen atom has 9 electrons, what is its charge?

Accepted Answer

Negatively charged anion

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bonds involve unequal sharing of electrons due to differences in electronegativity, while nonpolar covalent bonds involve equal sharing.

Question 19

Which of the following is a weak non-covalent chemical bond important in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bond

Atoms, Elements, and Chemical Bonding: Foundations of General Chemistry

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