Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between chemical and nuclear reactions?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear reactions involve changes in the nucleus, while chemical reactions involve changes in electron arrangements.

Question 2

Which type of radioactive decay results in the emission of a particle with a +2 charge and a mass of approximately $$6.64 	imes 10$$^{-24}$$ grams?

Accepted Answer

Alpha decay

Question 3

A nucleus with too many neutrons compared to protons is most likely to undergo which type of decay?

Accepted Answer

Beta emission

Question 4

Which of the following nuclear equations is correctly balanced for the alpha decay of $$^{238}_{92}\mathrm{U}$$?

Accepted Answer

$$^{238}_{92}\mathrm{U} \$$rightarrow ^{234}$$_{90}\mathrm{Th} $$+ ^{4}$$_{2}\mathrm{He}$$

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why gamma radiation is more dangerous than alpha or beta radiation when outside the body?

Accepted Answer

Gamma rays have the highest penetrating power and can pass through skin and tissue.

Question 6

A sample of $$^{60}\mathrm{Co}$$ has a half-life of 5.27 years. How much of a 1.000 mg sample remains after 15.81 years?

Accepted Answer

0.125 mg

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct statement about the 'belt of stability' for nuclei?

Accepted Answer

Larger nuclei require more neutrons than protons to remain stable.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a method used to detect radioactivity?

Accepted Answer

Spectrophotometers

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the process of positron emission?

Accepted Answer

A proton is converted into a neutron, emitting a positron.

Question 10

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between mass and energy in nuclear reactions?

Accepted Answer

$$E = mc^2$

Question 11

Which of the following is a real-world application of radiotracers in medicine?

Accepted Answer

Using $$^{131}\mathrm{I} to $$study thyroid function

Question 12

Which of the following statements about nuclear fission and fusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

Fission splits a heavy nucleus, while fusion combines small nuclei; both release large amounts of energy.

Question 13

A rock contains 0.257 mg of $$^{206}\mathrm{Pb}$$ for every 1 mg of $$^{238}\mathrm{U}. If $$the half-life of $$^{238}\mathrm{U} is$$ $$4.5 	imes 10^9$ years, what is the approximate age of the rock?

Accepted Answer

1.7 $$	imes$$ $$10^9$$ years

Question 14

Which of the following is a reason why spent nuclear fuel is a long-term environmental concern?

Accepted Answer

It remains highly radioactive for thousands of years.

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct unit for measuring the rate of radioactive decay?

Accepted Answer

Becquerel (Bq)

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why alpha radiation is more dangerous than gamma radiation when inside the body?

Accepted Answer

Alpha particles cause more ionization in a small area, leading to greater biological damage.

Question 17

Which of the following is a property of stable nuclei?

Accepted Answer

They often have even numbers of protons and neutrons.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of the process of electron capture?

Accepted Answer

A proton in the nucleus captures an electron from the electron cloud and becomes a neutron.

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct formula for the half-life ($$t_{1/2}) of a $$first-order radioactive decay process?

Accepted Answer

$$t_{1/2} = \frac{0.693}{k}$$

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world example of a nuclear transmutation?

Accepted Answer

Bombarding $$^{14}_{7}\mathrm{N}$$ with an alpha particle to produce $$^{17}_{8}\mathrm{O}$$ and a proton

Chapter 21: Nuclear Chemistry – Study Notes

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard