Question 1

Which type of radiation is identical to a helium nucleus and has a mass number of 4 and a charge of 2+?

Accepted Answer

Alpha particle

Question 2

A radioactive isotope of carbon used in archeological dating has a mass number of 14 and an atomic number of 6. What is its nuclear symbol?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{^{14}_{6}C}$$

Question 3

Which of the following statements best explains why elements with atomic numbers 20 and higher often have unstable nuclei?

Accepted Answer

The nuclear forces cannot offset the repulsions between the protons.

Question 4

Which type of radiation is a high-energy electron with a mass number of 0 and a charge of -1?

Accepted Answer

Beta particle

Question 5

A positron is emitted from an unstable nucleus. What change occurs in the nucleus during this process?

Accepted Answer

A proton changes into a neutron and a positron.

Question 6

Which type of radiation is pure energy, has a mass number of 0, and a charge of 0?

Accepted Answer

Gamma ray

Question 7

Which of the following forms of radiation requires a lead shield or thick concrete wall for effective protection?

Accepted Answer

Gamma rays

Question 8

Which type of cell is most sensitive to ionizing radiation and is therefore targeted in cancer therapy?

Accepted Answer

Rapidly dividing cells, including cancer cells

Question 9

A neutron has which mass number and charge?

Accepted Answer

Mass number 1, charge 0

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct nuclear symbol for a beta particle?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{^{0}_{-1}e}$$

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a recommended method for radiation protection when working with radioisotopes?

Accepted Answer

Using bare hands to handle alpha emitters

Question 12

Which type of radiation can be stopped by a sheet of paper?

Accepted Answer

Alpha particles

Question 13

A hospital uses technetium-99m for imaging. What type of radiation does this isotope primarily emit?

Accepted Answer

Gamma rays

Question 14

Which of the following is a plausible biological effect of exposure to ionizing radiation?

Accepted Answer

Malignant tumors and genetic mutations

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process that forms a beta particle in an unstable nucleus?

Accepted Answer

A neutron changes into a proton and an electron.

Question 16

Which of the following isotopes is stable?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{^{127}I}$$

Question 17

Which type of radiation has the lowest energy compared to other radiation particles?

Accepted Answer

Alpha particle

Question 18

Which of the following would provide protection against both alpha and beta particles but NOT gamma rays?

Accepted Answer

Lab coat

Question 19

A positron has which mass number and charge?

Accepted Answer

Mass number 0, charge 1+

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world application of nuclear chemistry in medicine?

Accepted Answer

Using radioisotopes to diagnose and treat medical conditions

Chapter 5: Nuclear Chemistry – Study Notes

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