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CHEM 141 Final Exam Study Guide – Step-by-Step General Chemistry Guidance

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Balancing Chemical Equations

  • Balancing Chemical Equations
    01:32
  • Balancing Chemical Equations Example
    03:50

Stoichiometry

  • Stoichiometry Example
    3:54
  • Stoichiometry Concept
    01:16
  • Stoichiometric Chart Concept
    03:04

Limiting Reagent

  • Limiting Reagent Example
    4:53
  • Limiting Reagent Concept
    01:30
  • Limiting Reagent in Reactions
    01:34

Percent Yield

  • Percent Yield in Reactions
    03:09
  • Percent Yield Example
    04:43

Mass Percent

  • Mass Percent Example
    1:22
  • Mass Percent Calculation
    00:38

The Atom

  • The Nucleus
    02:53
  • Atom Structure
    02:10
  • Atom Structure Example
    02:52

Subatomic Particles

  • Subatomic Particles
    05:19
  • Atomic Mass Unit Example
    03:31

Isotopes

  • Isotopes
    04:36
  • Isotope Notation Example
    03:57

Ions

  • Ion Formation
    06:17
  • Cation Subatomic Particles Example
    02:22
  • Atoms vs. Ions
    01:36

Atomic Mass

  • Calculating Abundance Example
    5:41
  • Greatest Atomic Mass Example
    02:06
  • Calculating Atomic Mass
    00:40

Periodic Table: Classifications

  • Nonmetal Properties
    01:12
  • Periodic Table Classifications
    02:40
  • Metalloid Properties
    03:37

Periodic Table: Group Names

  • Periodic Table: Group Names
    05:33
  • Periodic Table: Group Names Example
    01:17

Periodic Table: Representative Elements & Transition Metals

  • Transition Metal Example
    01:23
  • Transition Metals and Representative Elements
    03:30

Periodic Table: Charges

  • Unlikely Ion Example
    01:52
  • Main Group Element Charges
    07:38
  • Main Group Element Charges Example
    00:48

Calculating Molar Mass

  • Molar Mass Concept
    02:11
  • Molar Mass Calculation Example
    03:12

Mole Concept

  • Moles and Particles Conversion
    02:41
  • Moles to Molecules Conversion Example
    01:41
  • Formula Unit Example
    01:28

Law of Conservation of Mass

  • Law of Conservation of Mass Example
    01:20
  • Law of Conservation of Mass
    01:48

Law of Definite Proportions

  • Law of Definite Proportions Example
    1:59
  • Law of Definite Proportions Example
    2:23
  • Law of Definite Proportions
    02:48

Law of Multiple Proportions

  • Law of Multiple Proportions
    03:32

Chemical Bonds

  • Chemical Bonds Example 3
    01:04
  • Chemical Bonds
    02:03
  • Chemical Bonds Example 2
    01:18

Lewis Dot Symbols

  • Lewis Dot Symbols
    03:17
  • Lewis Dot Symbols Example 1
    00:50
  • Lewis Dot Symbols Example 2
    01:26

Lewis Dot Structures: Neutral Compounds

  • Lewis Dot Structures: Neutral Compounds
    05:56
  • Lewis Dot Structures: Neutral Compounds Example 1
    00:40

Lewis Dot Structures: Ions

  • Lewis Dot Structures: Ions
    04:28
  • Lewis Dot Structures: Ions Example 1
    02:22

Resonance Structures

  • Resonance Structures
    01:42
  • Resonance Structures Example 1
    01:54
  • Resonance Structures Example 2
    02:19

Formal Charge

  • Formal Charge Example 1
    00:56
  • Formal Charge
    01:53

Electron Geometry

  • Drawing Structures and Electron Geometry Example
    01:34
  • Electron Geometry Example
    00:48
  • Electron Geometry
    04:44

Molecular Geometry

  • Molecular Geometry with Four Electron Groups
    01:57
  • Molecular Geometry with Three Electron Groups
    01:43
  • Molecular Geometry with Five Electron Groups
    02:09

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory

  • Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory
    00:47
  • Molecular Shapes and VSEPR
    02:13
  • Electron Groups Example
    00:51

Bond Angles

  • Bond Angles and Electron Groups
    03:37
  • Bond Angles and Electron Groups Example
    01:07
  • Bond Angles
    01:53

Molecular Polarity

  • Carbon Tetrachloride Polarity Example
    01:03
  • Molecular Polarity
    02:38
  • Molecular Polarity Criteria
    01:46

Hybridization

  • Hybridization Example
    01:26
  • Hybridization and Electron Geometry
    03:06
  • Hybridization
    00:51

Intermolecular Forces

  • Intermolecular vs Intramolecular Forces
    01:59
  • Intermolecular vs Intramolecular Example
    2:04
  • Intermolecular Forces Example
    01:59

Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties

  • Intermolecular Forces & Physical Properties
    01:04
  • Intermolecular Forces and Properties
    03:13
  • Melting Point Example
    01:21

Temperature

  • Temperature vs Heat
    03:48
  • Temperature Conversion Example
    02:10
  • Temperature Conversion Formulas
    02:03

Heat Capacity

  • Heat Capacity
    00:44
  • Heat Capacity Example 3
    02:08
  • Heat Capacity Example 2
    2:06

Endothermic & Exothermic Reactions

  • Endothermic & Exothermic Reactions Example 2
    1:48
  • Endothermic & Exothermic Reactions
    02:38
  • Endothermic & Exothermic Reactions
    02:30

Hess's Law

  • Hess's Law
    02:03
  • Hess's Law
    03:11
  • Hess's Law Example 1
    01:39

Thermochemical Equations

  • Thermochemical Equations
    01:13
  • Thermochemical Equations
    01:57
  • Thermochemical Equations Example 1
    02:24

First Law of Thermodynamics

  • First Law of Thermodynamics
    02:50
  • First Law of Thermodynamics
    01:18
  • First Law of Thermodynamics Example 1
    01:17

Enthalpy of Formation

  • Enthalpy of Formation Example 1
    03:17
  • Enthalpy of Formation
    02:34

Solutions

  • Identify Mixtures Example
    01:16
  • Suspensions and Colloids
    02:38
  • Solution Components Example
    1:17

Molarity

  • Calculate Molarity Example
    01:46
  • Molarity
    01:13
  • Molarity Concept
    00:53

Dilutions

  • Dilution Calculation Example
    02:36
  • Dilution Equation
    00:58
  • Solution Dilution Process
    01:03

Molecular Equations

  • Molecular Equation Example
    05:07
  • Types of Molecular Equations
    02:24
  • Precipitation Reaction Example
    01:13

Complete Ionic Equations

  • Complete Ionic Equation Example
    02:16
  • Molecular and Complete Ionic Equations Example
    04:41
  • Complete Ionic Equations
    00:47

Solution Stoichiometry

  • Solution Stoichiometry
    03:10
  • Solution Stoichiometry Example
    03:11

Gas Evolution Equations

  • Gas Evolution Reaction Example
    03:17
  • Gas Evolution Reactions
    03:35

Gas Stoichiometry

  • Gas Stoichiometry Chart
    02:05
  • Gas Stoichiometry Concepts
    00:47
  • Gas Stoichiometry Calculation Example
    03:51

Pressure Units

  • Pressure Units
    01:15
  • Change in Pressure Units Example
    00:48
  • Non-SI Pressure Units
    01:54

The Ideal Gas Law

  • Ideal Gas Law Units Example
    02:58
  • Ideal Gas Law Formula
    01:15
  • Gas Constant Values
    01:56

Chemistry Gas Laws

  • Gay Lussac's Law
    02:55
  • Chemistry Gas Laws Example
    01:14
  • Charles's Law
    02:06

Chemistry Gas Laws: Combined Gas Law

  • Combined Gas Law Example
    03:35
  • Combined Gas Law
    01:43

Partial Pressure

  • Dalton's Law and Partial Pressure
    00:27
  • Law of Partial Pressures
    00:44
  • Mole Fraction and Partial Pressure Calculation Example
    03:18

Standard Temperature and Pressure

  • STP Calculation Example
    02:20
  • Standard Temperature and Pressure
    01:08
  • Moles of Gas Example
    01:44

Root Mean Square Speed

  • RMS Speed Example
    02:57
  • Root Mean Square Speed Formula
    01:05

Kinetic Energy of Gases

  • Kinetic Energy Example
    02:22
  • Kinetic Energy Formulas
    02:27

Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution

  • Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution
    00:54
  • Most Probable Speed Example
    01:35
  • Maxwell-Boltzmann Curve
    03:31

Kinetic Molecular Theory

  • Ideal Gas Conditions Example
    02:13
  • Kinetic Molecular Theory
    01:19
  • Kinetic Molecular Theory Postulates
    03:23

Van der Waals Equation

  • Van de Waals Theory
    03:19
  • Van der Waals Equation
    01:40
  • Van der Waals Pressure Example
    03:55

SI Units

  • SI Units
    02:13
  • Perimeter, Area, Volume
    03:47

Conversion Factors

  • Weight Conversion Example
    03:45
  • Conversion Factors Example
    02:12
  • Conversion Factors
    01:56

Dimensional Analysis

  • Dimensional Analysis
    06:11
  • Dimensional Analysis Example
    4:48

The Energy of Light

  • Photon Energy Formulas
    01:40
  • Photon Energy Example
    01:08
  • Moles and Photon Energy Example
    01:35

Wavelength and Frequency

  • Electromagnetic Waves
    2:58
  • Frequency-Wavelength Relationship
    00:31
  • Wavelength and Frequency Example
    00:59

Speed of Light

  • Calculate Frequency Example
    01:48
  • Speed of Light Formula
    00:57

Photoelectric Effect

  • Expanded Photoelectric Effect
    01:18
  • Photoelectric Effect Formula
    01:32
  • Photoelectric Effect Example
    01:22

Bohr Model

  • Bohr Model of the Atom
    02:43
  • Electronic Transitions
    03:29
  • Bohr Model Example
    01:21

Emission Spectrum

  • Atomic Emission Spectra
    02:39
  • Balmer Series Example
    01:00
  • Emission Spectra
    01:51

Bohr Equation

  • Bohr Equations
    02:59
  • Bohr Equation Example
    02:08

Introduction to Quantum Mechanics

  • Quantum Numbers Example
    00:46
  • Introduction to Quantum Mechanics
    01:
  • Quantum Numbers
    03:22

Quantum Numbers: Principal Quantum Number

  • Principal Quantum Number
    02:55
  • Principal Quantum Number Example
    00:56

Quantum Numbers: Angular Momentum Quantum Number

  • Angular Momentum Quantum Number Example
    00:46
  • Angular Momentum Quantum Number and Orbital Shape
    01:41
  • Angular Momentum Quantum Number
    00:40

Quantum Numbers: Magnetic Quantum Number

  • Quantum Numbers and Orbitals Example
    00:31
  • Magnetic Quantum Number
    03:06
  • Magnetic Quantum Example
    00:59

Quantum Numbers: Spin Quantum Number

  • Spin Quantum Number
    01:18
  • Spin Quantum Numbers Example
    01:10

The Electron Configuration

  • Electron Orbital Diagrams
    02:15
  • Electron Orbital Diagrams Example
    00:50
  • Electron Configuration Example
    01:33

The Electron Configuration: Condensed

  • Condensed Electron Configuration
    01:08
  • Condensed Electron Configuration Example
    01:28

The Electron Configurations: Exceptions

  • Electron Configuration Exceptions
    01:15
  • Electron Configuration Exceptions Example
    01:24
  • Electron Orbital Stability
    01:23

The Electron Configuration: Ions

  • Cation Electron Configuration Example
    02:03
  • Anion Electron Configuration
    00:35
  • Anion Electron Configuration Example
    2:17

Valence Electrons of Elements

  • Main Group Elements Valence Electrons Example
    01:14
  • Transition Metals Valence Electrons
    02:12
  • Transition Metals Valence Electrons Example
    02:14

Periodic Trend: Atomic Radius

  • Atomic Radius Trends
    01:42
  • Atomic Radius Example
    00:56
  • Atomic Radius
    02:02

Periodic Trend: Ionization Energy

  • Ionization Energy Trends
    01:08
  • Group 6A vs. Group 5A Elements
    01:32
  • Ionization Energy
    01:19

Periodic Trend: Electron Affinity

  • Electron Affinity Exceptions
    01:24
  • Electron Affinity Trends
    01:42
  • Electron Affinity Example
    00:54

Periodic Trend: Electronegativity

  • Electronegativity Trends
    02:10
  • Electronegativity Example
    00:35

Periodic Trend: Effective Nuclear Charge

  • Effective Nuclear Charge
    01:51
  • Effective Nuclear Charge Example
    00:44
  • Effective Nuclear Charge Calculation
    00:59

Periodic Trend: Cumulative

  • Overview of Periodic Trends
    1:52
  • Ionization Energy and Electron Affinity Example
    01:08

Intro to Acid-Base Titration Curves

  • Equivalence Point Example
    01:35
  • Acid-Base Titration Curve Example
    01:35
  • Equivalence Point in Titration
    03:06

Acids Introduction

  • Acid Structure and Types
    02:29
  • Acid Characteristics
    02:59
  • Acid Characteristics Example
    01:23

Bases Introduction

  • Strong Bases Example
    01:12
  • Base Properties
    01:57
  • Base Structure Example
    01:16

Arrhenius Acids and Bases

  • Acid-Base Dissociation Example
    00:54
  • Arrhenius Acids and Bases
    02:00

Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases

  • Acid-Base Classification Example
    02:56
  • Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Example
    01:10
  • Strength of Conjugate Acids and Bases
    00:50

The pH Scale

  • pH Calculation Example
    02:15
  • Least Acidic Solution Example
    00:48
  • Additional pH and pOH Calculations
    00:58

pH of Strong Acids and Bases

  • pOH Calculation Example
    01:18
  • pH of Strong Acids and Bases
    02:39

Ka and Kb

  • Ka and Kb Example
    01:31
  • Characteristics of Ka and Kb
    03:50
  • Ka and Kb Relationship
    03:01

pH of Weak Acids

  • Calculating Percent Ionization of Weak Acids
    01:15
  • Percent Dissociation Example
    04:52
  • Hydronium Ion Concentration Example
    06:25

pH of Weak Bases

  • Calculating Percent Ionization of Weak Bases
    01:00
  • Hydroxide Ion Concentration Example
    06:12
  • ICE Charts of Weak Bases
    00:51

Diprotic Acids and Bases

  • Ka values of Diprotic Acids
    00:59
  • Diprotic Acids and Bases Example
    01:38
  • 3 forms of Diprotic Acids
    04:40

Diprotic Acids and Bases Calculations

  • Calculate Concentration of the Basic Form
    07:35
  • pH of Diprotic Acid Dissociation
    01:36
  • pH of Weak Diprotic Acids
    04:46

Triprotic Acids and Bases

  • Triprotic Acid Dissociation Example
    00:58
  • Triprotic Acid Equilibrium
    6:47
  • Triprotic Acid Ka Values
    01:07

Triprotic Acids and Bases Calculations

  • Triprotic Acid pH Example
    06:20
  • pH of Weak Triprotic Acid Species
    01:04

Binary Acids

  • Binary Acids
    01:03
  • Binary Acid Strength Example
    02:21
  • Comparing Binary Acid Strength Example
    00:51

Oxyacids

  • Oxyacid Strength Comparison
    02:11
  • Strong Oxyacid Example
    01:18
  • Oxyacids
    01:15

Lewis Acids and Bases

  • Lewis Acids and Bases
    05:04
  • Lewis Acid-Base Identification Example
    02:30
  • The Adduct
    03:50

Intro to Buffers

  • Buffer Solution Example
    02:41
  • Buffer Capacity
    00:45
  • Buffer Creation Methods
    03:04

Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation

  • Buffer Range Calculation
    02:47
  • Buffering Range Example
    01:22
  • Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation
    02:40

Acid-Base Indicators

  • Acid-Base Indicators
    04:30
  • Best Indicator Example
    00:52

Solubility Product Constant: Ksp

  • Solubility Product Constant
    01:47
  • Molar Solubility Example
    04:13
  • Ksp Calculations
    01:51

Ksp: Common Ion Effect

  • Common Ion Effect Example
    03:39
  • Common Ion Effect in Acids and Bases
    00:33
  • Solubility at Buffered pH Example
    05:30

Precipitation: Ksp vs Q

  • Ksp vs Q in Precipitation
    03:05
  • Precipitation: Ksp vs Q Example
    03:12

Selective Precipitation

  • Selective Precipitation
    01:53
  • Selective Precipitation Example
    03:22

Spontaneous vs Nonspontaneous Reactions

  • Spontaneity of Processes Example
    03:05
  • Spontaneity of Processes
    04:20

Entropy

  • Second Law of Thermodynamics Example
    00:48
  • Entropy and Physical Changes
    02:35
  • Standard Molar Entropy Example
    01:17

Entropy Calculations: Phase Changes

  • Entropy in Phase Changes
    01:46
  • Entropy in Phase Changes Example
    02:30

Third Law of Thermodynamics

  • The Boltzmann Equation
    01:23
  • Entropy of Perfect Crystals
    02:20
  • The Boltzmann Equation Example
    00:49

Entropy Calculations

  • Total Entropy Example
    01:23
  • Entropy of the System
    02:06
  • Entropy of the Universe
    01:42

Gibbs Free Energy

  • Spontaneity of Reactions
    03:38
  • ΔG and Spontaneity Example
    01:23
  • Spontaneity and Temperature Example
    02:42

Gibbs Free Energy Calculations

  • The Gibbs Free Energy Formula
    00:44
  • Standard Gibbs Free Energy and Temperature
    00:32
  • The Gibbs Free Energy Formula Example
    01:29

Gibbs Free Energy And Equilibrium

  • ∆G° and K Example
    01:13
  • ∆G° and K
    01:19
  • ∆G, ∆G° and Q
    01:03

Standard Reduction Potentials

  • Comparing Standard Reduction Potentials
    03:13
  • Standard Reduction Potentials Example
    01:51
  • Standard Reduction Potentials
    01:10

Intro to Electrochemical Cells

  • Electrochemical Cells Example
    01:01
  • Cell Potential and Spontaneity
    02:32
  • Electrochemical Cells
    02:46

Galvanic Cell

  • Galvanic Cell Components
    03:55
  • Galvanic Cell and Spontaneity
    03:04
  • Galvanic Cell Components Example
    02:22

Cell Potential: Standard

  • Standard Cell Potential
    01:27
  • Standard Cell Potential and Spontaneity
    01:46
  • Standard Cell Potential Example
    01:34

Cell Potential: The Nernst Equation

  • The Reaction Quotient
    01:01
  • The Nernst Equation Example
    04:38
  • The Nernst Equation
    01:17

Cell Potential and Gibbs Free Energy

  • Faraday's Constant in Electrochemistry Example
    02:11
  • Cell Potential and Gibbs Free Energy Example
    03:18
  • Faraday's Constant in Electrochemistry
    01:40

Cell Potential and Equilibrium

  • Cell Potential and Equilibrium
    02:38
  • Cell Potential and Equilibrium Example
    02:17

Cell Potential: G and K

  • Relationship between ∆E°, ∆G°, and K
    02:43
  • Relationship between ∆E°, ∆G°, and K Example
    02:57

Electrolytic Cell

  • Electrolytic Cell Example
    00:45
  • The Electrolytic Cell
    01:21
  • Electrolytic Cells and Spontaneity Example
    01:24

Electroplating

  • Electrochemical Stoichiometric Chart (Mass) Example
    02:26
  • Electrochemical Stoichiometric Chart (Mass)
    01:16
  • Electroplating Example
    01:16

Cell Notation

  • Cell Notation
    06:23
  • Cell Notation Example
    01:49

Intro to Radioactivity

  • Nuclear Reaction Example
    00:45
  • Understanding Nuclear Reactions
    01:44
  • Nuclear vs Chemical Reactions
    01:08

Alpha Decay

  • Alpha Decay
    03:53
  • Characteristics of Alpha Particles
    02:48
  • Alpha Decay Reaction Example
    01:22

Beta Decay

  • Beta Decay Reaction Example
    01:21
  • Beta Decay
    03:01
  • Characteristics of Beta Particles Example
    01:02

Gamma Emission

  • Gamma Emission Reaction Example
    02:16
  • Characteristics of Gamma Rays
    01:35
  • Characteristics of Gamma Rays Example
    01:21

Electron Capture & Positron Emission

  • Positron Emission
    01:53
  • Electron Capture
    01:26
  • Electron Capture & Positron Emission Reaction Example
    03:29

Neutron to Proton Ratio

  • Neutron-Proton Ratio
    02:14
  • Neutron-to-Proton Plot
    01:38
  • Stable Nucleus Example
    01:40

Band of Stability: Alpha Decay & Nuclear Fission

  • Band of Stability: Alpha Decay
    01:46
  • Band of Stability: Nuclear Fission
    03:29
  • Band of Stability: Alpha Decay Example
    01:16

Band of Stability: Beta Decay

  • Band of Stability: Beta Decay Example
    01:11
  • Band of Stability: Beta Decay
    01:13

Band of Stability: Electron Capture & Positron Emission

  • Band of Stability: Electron Capture Example
    00:48
  • Band of Stability: Electron Capture
    02:04

Band of Stability: Overview

  • Band of Stability: Overview Example
    02:10
  • Band of Stability: Atomic Forces
    02:32
  • Intepreting the Band of Stability
    03:13

Measuring Radioactivity

  • Units of Radiation Measurement
    02:52
  • Radiation Measurement Units Conversion Example
    00:33

Rate of Radioactive Decay

  • Rate of Radioactive Decay Example
    02:25
  • Rate of Radioactive Decay
    03:00

Radioactive Half-Life

  • Method 3 of Radioactive Half-Life Example
    04:26
  • Intro to Radioactive Half-Life
    01:30
  • Method 1 of Radioactive Half-Life Example
    00:55

Mass Defect

  • Mass Defect Example
    01:35
  • Calculating Mass Defect
    00:55
  • Calculating Mass Defect Example
    03:08

Nuclear Binding Energy

  • Nuclear Binding Energy
    02:06
  • Nuclear Binding Energy Example
    03:50