Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents energy balance in the body?

$$\text{Energy stored} = \text{Energy input} - \text{Energy output}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why the body must store and mobilize nutrients to maintain blood glucose at a constant level?

Accepted Answer

Because food intake is intermittent and glucose requirement, especially for the nervous system, is continuous.

Question 2

During the post-absorptive state, which of the following processes is most likely to occur in the liver?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 3

Which hormone is primarily responsible for promoting the synthesis of energy storage molecules during the absorptive state?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 4

A patient with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is at risk for ketoacidosis. Which of the following best explains why this occurs?

Accepted Answer

Decreased insulin leads to increased fat and protein metabolism, resulting in ketone production.

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly represents energy balance in the body?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Energy stored} = 	ext{Energy input} - 	ext{Energy output}$$

Question 6

Which of the following is a direct effect of insulin on muscle and fat cells?

Accepted Answer

Increases the expression of GLUT4 transporters on the cell membrane

Question 7

A person has a fasting blood glucose of 160 mg/dL. Which of the following conditions does this most likely indicate?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes Mellitus

Question 8

Which of the following statements about gluconeogenesis is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is carried out by the liver to synthesize new glucose molecules from proteins and fats.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the metabolic rate?

Accepted Answer

The amount of energy (heat + work) released per unit time

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a typical acute effect of diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Increased insulin sensitivity

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why glucose is not normally found in the urine of a healthy individual?

Accepted Answer

All filtered glucose is reabsorbed in the renal tubules under normal conditions.

Question 12

A person with a BMI of 32 is at increased risk for which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of epinephrine during stress reactions?

Accepted Answer

Promotes post-absorptive processes to provide energy for fight or flight

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of adipocytes in energy balance?

Accepted Answer

They store triglycerides, which can provide energy for up to two months.

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding the basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

Accepted Answer

It is measured when a person is awake, lying down, relaxed, and fasting for 12 hours.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between the absorptive and post-absorptive states?

Accepted Answer

The absorptive state is characterized by energy storage, while the post-absorptive state is characterized by energy mobilization.

Question 17

Which of the following is a likely consequence of an accidental insulin overdose in a diabetic patient?

Accepted Answer

Hypoglycemic coma

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the action of glucagon?

Accepted Answer

It increases glycogenolysis and lipolysis during the post-absorptive state.

Question 19

A patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus has high blood glucose levels despite normal insulin production. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

The patient's target cells are resistant to insulin.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the relationship between energy input and output in a person who is gaining weight?

Accepted Answer

Energy input is greater than energy output.

Energy Balance and Diabetes: Metabolic Regulation and Disease

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