Q: Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the molarity ($$M) of a $$solution?

$$M = \dfrac{\text{moles of solute}}{\text{liters of solution}}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes a chemical change?

Accepted Answer

Iron rusting in moist air

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a pure substance?

Accepted Answer

Sodium chloride ($$\mathrm{NaCl})$$

Question 3

Which statement about atomic structure is correct?

Accepted Answer

Protons and neutrons have nearly the same mass.

Question 4

Which electron configuration represents a neutral atom of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

$$1s^2$$\ $$2s^2$$\ $$2p^4$$

Question 5

Which of the following elements has the highest electronegativity?

Accepted Answer

Fluorine ($$\mathrm{F})$$

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why water ($$\mathrm{H_2O}) $$has a bent molecular geometry?

Accepted Answer

Water has two lone pairs on the oxygen atom, causing repulsion and a bent shape.

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the molarity ($$M) of a $$solution?

Accepted Answer

$$M = \dfrac{	ext{moles of solute}}{	ext{liters of solution}}$$

Question 8

A sample of gas occupies $$2.0\ \mathrm{L} at$$ $$1.0\ \mathrm{atm}$$ and $$300\ \mathrm{K}. $$What will its volume be at $$2.0\ \mathrm{atm}$$ and $$300\ \mathrm{K}$$? (Assume ideal gas behavior.)

Accepted Answer

$$1.0\ \mathrm{L}$$

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct statement about ionization energy?

Accepted Answer

Ionization energy increases across a period from left to right.

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct balanced equation for the combustion of methane ($$\mathrm{CH_4$}$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CH_4$} + 2\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow \mathrm{CO_2$} + 2\mathrm{H_2O}$$

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

A catalyst lowers the activation energy and increases the reaction rate.

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct electron dot structure for carbon dioxide ($$\mathrm{CO_2$}$$)?

Accepted Answer

O=C=O, with each O having two lone pairs

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about polarity?

Accepted Answer

A molecule is nonpolar if its bond dipoles cancel out due to symmetry.

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct formula for the ideal gas law?

Accepted Answer

$$PV = nRT$$

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why sodium chloride ($$\mathrm{NaCl}) $$conducts electricity when dissolved in water?

Accepted Answer

The ions in $$\mathrm{NaCl}$$ are free to move in solution, allowing electrical current to flow.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct Lewis structure for ammonia ($$\mathrm{NH_3$}$$)?

Accepted Answer

N with three single bonds to H and one lone pair on N

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct electron configuration for a chloride ion ($$\mathrm{Cl^-}$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$1s^2$$\ $$2s^2$$\ $$2p^6$$\ $$3s^2$$\ $$3p^6$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about hybridization in methane ($$\mathrm{CH_4$}$$)?

Accepted Answer

The carbon atom in methane is $$sp^3$$ hybridized.

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the percent composition by mass of an element in a compound?

Accepted Answer

$$\%\ 	ext{composition} = \dfrac{	ext{mass of element}}{	ext{molar mass of compound}} 	imes 100$$

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