{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"{\"type\":\"doc\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":3},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Q1. Which of the following statements is (are) true?\"}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Background\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Topic: Atomic Structure and Isotopes\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"This question tests your understanding of isotopes, atomic number, mass number, and the relationship between protons, neutrons, and electrons in different atoms and ions.\"}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"underline\"}],\"text\":\"Key Terms:\"}]},{\"type\":\"bulletList\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Isotopes:\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\" Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Atomic Number (Z):\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\" Number of protons in the nucleus.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Mass Number (A):\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\" Total number of protons and neutrons.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Electrons:\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\" Equal to protons in a neutral atom.\"}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Step-by-Step Guidance\"}]},{\"type\":\"orderedList\",\"attrs\":{\"start\":1,\"type\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"For each statement, determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons for the isotopes or elements mentioned.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Recall that the number of neutrons is \"},{\"type\":\"inlineMath\",\"attrs\":{\"latex\":\"A - Z\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\" for each isotope.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Check if the pairs in each statement have the same number of protons, neutrons, or electrons as claimed.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Eliminate any statements that are clearly false based on your calculations.\"}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"underline\"}],\"text\":\"Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!\"}]},{\"type\":\"collapsible\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Final Answer: (4) Only II\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Only statement II is correct: 63Cu and 63Zn both have a mass number of 63, but only 63Cu has 29 protons and 63Zn has 30 protons. However, the statement refers to protons, and only II is correct based on the atomic numbers.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":3},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Q2. What is the answer to each of the following calculations with proper significant figures?\"}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Background\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Topic: Significant Figures in Calculations\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"This question tests your ability to apply the rules for significant figures in multiplication/division and addition/subtraction.\"}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"underline\"}],\"text\":\"Key Terms and Formulas:\"}]},{\"type\":\"bulletList\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Multiplication/Division:\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\" The result should have as many significant figures as the value with the fewest significant figures.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Addition/Subtraction:\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\" The result should have as many decimal places as the value with the fewest decimal places.\"}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Step-by-Step Guidance\"}]},{\"type\":\"orderedList\",\"attrs\":{\"start\":1,\"type\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"For part I, count the significant figures in each number and perform the calculation, then round to the correct number of significant figures.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"For part II, perform the addition and subtraction, then round the result to the correct number of decimal places.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Compare your results to the answer choices to find the correct one.\"}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"underline\"}],\"text\":\"Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!\"}]},{\"type\":\"collapsible\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Final Answer: (1) 4.71; 130.\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"After applying the significant figure rules, the answers are 4.71 and 130.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":3},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Q3. Which of the following formula and name pairs are correct?\"}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Background\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Topic: Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"This question tests your knowledge of chemical formulas and the correct naming of compounds, including ionic and molecular compounds.\"}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"underline\"}],\"text\":\"Key Terms:\"}]},{\"type\":\"bulletList\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Polyatomic ions\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\" (e.g., acetate, nitrite)\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Acid naming conventions\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Stock system for transition metals\"}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Step-by-Step Guidance\"}]},{\"type\":\"orderedList\",\"attrs\":{\"start\":1,\"type\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Review each formula and its corresponding name.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Check if the formula matches the name using standard nomenclature rules.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Eliminate any pairs that are incorrectly named or formulated.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Identify which answer choices include only the correct pairs.\"}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"underline\"}],\"text\":\"Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!\"}]},{\"type\":\"collapsible\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Final Answer: (3) III and V\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Only HClO4 (chloric acid) and LiNO2 (lithium nitrite) are correctly paired.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":3},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Q4. Calculate the mass percent of oxygen in FeSO4 · 7 H2O.\"}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Background\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Topic: Percent Composition by Mass\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"This question tests your ability to calculate the mass percent of an element in a hydrate compound.\"}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"underline\"}],\"text\":\"Key Formula:\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"inlineMath\",\"attrs\":{\"latex\":\"\\\\text{Mass percent of element} = \\\\frac{\\\\text{Total mass of element in formula}}{\\\\text{Molar mass of compound}} \\\\times 100\\\\%\"}}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Step-by-Step Guidance\"}]},{\"type\":\"orderedList\",\"attrs\":{\"start\":1,\"type\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Calculate the molar mass of FeSO4 · 7 H2O by adding the molar masses of all atoms in the formula.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Determine the total mass of oxygen atoms in the compound (from both FeSO4 and the water of hydration).\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Plug these values into the mass percent formula.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Set up the calculation for the final step, but do not compute the final value yet.\"}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"underline\"}],\"text\":\"Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!\"}]},{\"type\":\"collapsible\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Final Answer: (3) 42.1%\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"The mass percent of oxygen in FeSO4 · 7 H2O is 42.1%.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":3},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Q5. An aqueous solution contains bromide, fluoride, and sulfate ions. Adding which substances below will cause the precipitation of the bromide and sulfate ions, leaving the fluoride ions in solution?\"}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Background\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Topic: Solubility Rules and Precipitation Reactions\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"This question tests your knowledge of solubility rules and how to predict which ions will precipitate when a reagent is added.\"}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"underline\"}],\"text\":\"Key Terms:\"}]},{\"type\":\"bulletList\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Precipitate:\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\" An insoluble solid formed in a reaction.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Solubility rules:\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\" Guidelines for predicting the solubility of ionic compounds in water.\"}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Step-by-Step Guidance\"}]},{\"type\":\"orderedList\",\"attrs\":{\"start\":1,\"type\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Recall the solubility rules for bromide, fluoride, and sulfate ions with common cations.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"For each reagent, predict which (if any) of the ions will form an insoluble compound and precipitate.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Identify the reagent that will precipitate both bromide and sulfate, but not fluoride.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Eliminate options that do not fit these criteria.\"}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"underline\"}],\"text\":\"Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!\"}]},{\"type\":\"collapsible\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Final Answer: (5) Pb(NO3)2\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Lead(II) nitrate will precipitate both bromide and sulfate ions, but not fluoride.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":3},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Q6. Which of the following has the greatest mass?\"}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Background\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Topic: Mole Concept and Molar Mass\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"This question tests your ability to compare quantities of a substance in grams, moles, and molecules using Avogadro's number and molar mass.\"}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"underline\"}],\"text\":\"Key Terms and Formulas:\"}]},{\"type\":\"bulletList\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Avogadro's number:\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\" \"},{\"type\":\"inlineMath\",\"attrs\":{\"latex\":\"6.02 \\\\times 10^{23}\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\" molecules/mol\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Molar mass of O2:\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\" \"},{\"type\":\"inlineMath\",\"attrs\":{\"latex\":\"32.0\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\" g/mol\"}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Step-by-Step Guidance\"}]},{\"type\":\"orderedList\",\"attrs\":{\"start\":1,\"type\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Convert each quantity to grams using Avogadro's number and molar mass as needed.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Compare the calculated masses for each option.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Identify which option(s) have the greatest mass.\"}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"underline\"}],\"text\":\"Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!\"}]},{\"type\":\"collapsible\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Final Answer: (5) Answers 2 and 3 are correct\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Both 16.0 g of O2 and 0.500 mol of O2 have the greatest mass (16.0 g).\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":3},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Q7. Calculate the molarity of sodium ions in the solution resulting from dissolving 50.0 g of sodium carbonate in enough water to give a final volume of 350. mL, then mixing the solution with 150. mL of 0.500 M sodium chloride solution.\"}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Background\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Topic: Solution Concentration (Molarity) and Mixing Solutions\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"This question tests your ability to calculate the final concentration of ions after mixing two solutions.\"}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"underline\"}],\"text\":\"Key Formulas:\"}]},{\"type\":\"bulletList\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"inlineMath\",\"attrs\":{\"latex\":\"\\\\text{Molarity (M)} = \\\\frac{\\\\text{moles of solute}}{\\\\text{liters of solution}}\"}}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"For mixing: \"},{\"type\":\"inlineMath\",\"attrs\":{\"latex\":\"\\\\text{Total moles of ion} = \\\\text{moles from each solution added together}\"}}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Step-by-Step Guidance\"}]},{\"type\":\"orderedList\",\"attrs\":{\"start\":1,\"type\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Calculate the moles of sodium ions from sodium carbonate (\"},{\"type\":\"inlineMath\",\"attrs\":{\"latex\":\"\\\\mathrm{Na_2CO_3}\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\") dissolved in 350 mL.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Calculate the moles of sodium ions from sodium chloride (\"},{\"type\":\"inlineMath\",\"attrs\":{\"latex\":\"\\\\mathrm{NaCl}\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\") in 150 mL of 0.500 M solution.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Add the moles of sodium ions from both sources.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Calculate the total final volume in liters after mixing.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Set up the calculation for the final molarity, but do not compute the final value yet.\"}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"underline\"}],\"text\":\"Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!\"}]},{\"type\":\"collapsible\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Final Answer: (1) 1.09 M\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"The final molarity of sodium ions is 1.09 M after mixing the two solutions.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":3},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Q8. If the density of a certain spherical atomic nucleus is \"},{\"type\":\"inlineMath\",\"attrs\":{\"latex\":\"1.0 \\\\times 10^{14}\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\" g/cm\"},{\"type\":\"inlineMath\",\"attrs\":{\"latex\":\"^3\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\" and its mass is \"},{\"type\":\"inlineMath\",\"attrs\":{\"latex\":\"2.0 \\\\times 10^{-23}\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\" g, what is its radius in cm?\"}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Background\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Topic: Density, Volume, and Geometry of Spheres\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"This question tests your ability to relate mass, density, and volume, and to use the formula for the volume of a sphere to solve for the radius.\"}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"underline\"}],\"text\":\"Key Formulas:\"}]},{\"type\":\"bulletList\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"inlineMath\",\"attrs\":{\"latex\":\"\\\\text{Density} = \\\\frac{\\\\text{mass}}{\\\\text{volume}}\"}}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"inlineMath\",\"attrs\":{\"latex\":\"V_{\\\\text{sphere}} = \\\\frac{4}{3} \\\\pi r^3\"}}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Step-by-Step Guidance\"}]},{\"type\":\"orderedList\",\"attrs\":{\"start\":1,\"type\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Use the density formula to solve for the volume of the nucleus.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Set the calculated volume equal to the formula for the volume of a sphere.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Rearrange the equation to solve for the radius \"},{\"type\":\"inlineMath\",\"attrs\":{\"latex\":\"r\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\".\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Set up the calculation for \"},{\"type\":\"inlineMath\",\"attrs\":{\"latex\":\"r\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\", but do not compute the final value yet.\"}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"underline\"}],\"text\":\"Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!\"}]},{\"type\":\"collapsible\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Final Answer: (2) \"},{\"type\":\"inlineMath\",\"attrs\":{\"latex\":\"3.6 \\\\times 10^{-13}\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\" cm\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"The radius of the nucleus is \"},{\"type\":\"inlineMath\",\"attrs\":{\"latex\":\"3.6 \\\\times 10^{-13}\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\" cm.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":3},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Q9. Copper has two naturally occurring isotopes, \"},{\"type\":\"inlineMath\",\"attrs\":{\"latex\":\"^{63}\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Cu (isotopic mass 62.9396 amu) and \"},{\"type\":\"inlineMath\",\"attrs\":{\"latex\":\"^{65}\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Cu (isotopic mass 64.9278 amu). What is the percent abundance of "},{"type":"inlineMath","attrs":{"latex":"^{65}"}},{"type":"text","text":"Cu in a naturally occurring sample of copper?\"}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Background\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Topic: Isotopic Abundance and Average Atomic Mass\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"This question tests your ability to use the average atomic mass formula to determine the percent abundance of an isotope.\"}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"underline\"}],\"text\":\"Key Formula:\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"inlineMath\",\"attrs\":{\"latex\":\"\\\\text{Average atomic mass} = (\\\\text{fraction of } ^{63}\\\\text{Cu}) \\\\times (\\\\text{mass of } ^{63}\\\\text{Cu}) + (\\\\text{fraction of } ^{65}\\\\text{Cu}) \\\\times (\\\\text{mass of } ^{65}\\\\text{Cu})\"}}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Step-by-Step Guidance\"}]},{\"type\":\"orderedList\",\"attrs\":{\"start\":1,\"type\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Let \"},{\"type\":\"inlineMath\",\"attrs\":{\"latex\":\"x\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\" be the fraction of \"},{\"type\":\"inlineMath\",\"attrs\":{\"latex\":\"^{65}\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Cu, and \"},{\"type\":\"inlineMath\",\"attrs\":{\"latex\":\"1-x\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\" the fraction of \"},{\"type\":\"inlineMath\",\"attrs\":{\"latex\":\"^{63}\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Cu.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Set up the equation using the known average atomic mass of copper (from the periodic table).\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Solve for \"},{\"type\":\"inlineMath\",\"attrs\":{\"latex\":\"x\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\" (the fraction of \"},{\"type\":\"inlineMath\",\"attrs\":{\"latex\":\"^{65}\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Cu).\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Convert \"},{\"type\":\"inlineMath\",\"attrs\":{\"latex\":\"x\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\" to a percentage for the final answer.\"}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"underline\"}],\"text\":\"Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!\"}]},{\"type\":\"collapsible\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Final Answer: (5) 30.7%\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"The percent abundance of \"},{\"type\":\"inlineMath\",\"attrs\":{\"latex\":\"^{65}\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Cu is 30.7%.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":3},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Q10. An antibiotic drug is given in the dose 2.59 mg/lb each 8 h, to treat pneumonia. A hospitalized patient with pneumonia weighs 70.0 kg and requires treatment for 10 days. You are supplied with an infusion solution that contains 400 mg of antibiotic per 40 mL of solution. How many milliliters will be required for the 10 day treatment for this patient?\"}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Background\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Topic: Unit Conversions and Dosage Calculations\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"This question tests your ability to perform multi-step unit conversions and calculate total volume needed for a medication regimen.\"}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"underline\"}],\"text\":\"Key Steps:\"}]},{\"type\":\"bulletList\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Convert patient's weight from kg to lb.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Calculate the total number of doses over 10 days (every 8 hours).\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Calculate the total mass of antibiotic needed.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Convert the total mass to volume using the concentration of the infusion solution.\"}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Step-by-Step Guidance\"}]},{\"type\":\"orderedList\",\"attrs\":{\"start\":1,\"type\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Convert 70.0 kg to pounds (1 kg = 2.20462 lb).\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Calculate the number of doses in 10 days (24 hours/day, 1 dose every 8 hours).\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Multiply the number of doses by the dose per administration and the patient's weight in pounds to get the total mg needed.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Set up the conversion from mg to mL using the concentration of the solution, but do not compute the final value yet.\"}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"underline\"}],\"text\":\"Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!\"}]},{\"type\":\"collapsible\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Final Answer: (1) 1200 mL\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"The patient will require 1200 mL of the infusion solution for the 10-day treatment.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":3},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Q11. The complete combustion of 4.70 g of a hydrocarbon produced 14.5 g of CO2 and 6.67 g of H2O. What is the empirical formula for the hydrocarbon?\"}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Background\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Topic: Empirical Formula Determination from Combustion Data\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"This question tests your ability to determine the empirical formula of a compound from combustion analysis data.\"}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"underline\"}],\"text\":\"Key Steps:\"}]},{\"type\":\"bulletList\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Find moles of C from CO2 and moles of H from H2O.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Calculate the mass of C and H in the original sample.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Subtract to find the mass of O (if any).\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Convert masses to moles and find the simplest whole-number ratio.\"}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Step-by-Step Guidance\"}]},{\"type\":\"orderedList\",\"attrs\":{\"start\":1,\"type\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Calculate moles of CO2 and H2O produced.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Determine moles of C and H in the hydrocarbon from the products.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Calculate the mass of C and H, and subtract from the original mass to find O (if present).\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Set up the mole ratios for C, H, and O, but do not compute the final empirical formula yet.\"}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"underline\"}],\"text\":\"Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!\"}]},{\"type\":\"collapsible\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Final Answer: (4) C3H7\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"The empirical formula for the hydrocarbon is C3H7.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":3},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Q12. How many grams of PI3 could be produced from 250. g of I2 and excess phosphorus if the reaction gives a 98.5% yield? P4 + 6 I2 → 4 PI3\"}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Background\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Topic: Stoichiometry and Percent Yield\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"This question tests your ability to use stoichiometry and percent yield to calculate the mass of product formed.\"}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"underline\"}],\"text\":\"Key Steps:\"}]},{\"type\":\"bulletList\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Convert grams of I2 to moles.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Use the balanced equation to find moles of PI3 produced.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Convert moles of PI3 to grams.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Apply the percent yield to find the actual mass produced.\"}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Step-by-Step Guidance\"}]},{\"type\":\"orderedList\",\"attrs\":{\"start\":1,\"type\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Calculate moles of I2 from 250 g.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Use the stoichiometric ratio from the balanced equation to find moles of PI3.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Convert moles of PI3 to grams using its molar mass.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Set up the calculation for percent yield, but do not compute the final value yet.\"}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"underline\"}],\"text\":\"Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!\"}]},{\"type\":\"collapsible\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Final Answer: (1) 246 g\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"246 g of PI3 could be produced from 250 g of I2 at 98.5% yield.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":3},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Q13. Two reactions in sequence are needed to produce phosphoric acid from phosphorus: P4 + 5 O2 → 2 P2O5; P2O5 + 3 H2O → 2 H3PO4. How many moles of P4 must be used to produce 12 moles of H3PO4?\"}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Background\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Topic: Stoichiometry in Sequential Reactions\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"This question tests your ability to use stoichiometry across multiple reactions to relate reactants and products.\"}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"underline\"}],\"text\":\"Key Steps:\"}]},{\"type\":\"bulletList\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Relate moles of H3PO4 to moles of P2O5, then to moles of P4 using the stoichiometry of each reaction.\"}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Step-by-Step Guidance\"}]},{\"type\":\"orderedList\",\"attrs\":{\"start\":1,\"type\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Use the second reaction to relate moles of H3PO4 to moles of P2O5.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Use the first reaction to relate moles of P2O5 to moles of P4.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Set up the calculation to find moles of P4 needed, but do not compute the final value yet.\"}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"underline\"}],\"text\":\"Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!\"}]},{\"type\":\"collapsible\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Final Answer: (3) 4 moles\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"4 moles of P4 are needed to produce 12 moles of H3PO4.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":3},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Q14. 6.0 g each of iron and water is reacted according to this chemical equation. Which one of the following statements is FALSE? 3 Fe(s) + 4 H2O(l) → Fe3O4(s) + 4 H2(g)\"}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Background\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Topic: Limiting Reactant and Stoichiometry\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"This question tests your ability to identify the limiting reactant and interpret stoichiometric relationships in a chemical reaction.\"}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"underline\"}],\"text\":\"Key Steps:\"}]},{\"type\":\"bulletList\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Calculate moles of Fe and H2O.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Determine the limiting reactant.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Use stoichiometry to calculate the amounts of products and leftover reactant.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Compare the calculated values to the statements to identify the false one.\"}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Step-by-Step Guidance\"}]},{\"type\":\"orderedList\",\"attrs\":{\"start\":1,\"type\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Calculate moles of Fe and H2O from 6.0 g each.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Determine which reactant is limiting using the stoichiometric coefficients.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Calculate the theoretical yield of Fe3O4 and H2, and the amount of excess reactant left over.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Compare your results to the statements to find the false one, but do not state which is false yet.\"}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"underline\"}],\"text\":\"Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!\"}]},{\"type\":\"collapsible\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Final Answer: (1) 8.29 g of Fe3O4 are produced.\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"This statement is false; the actual yield is less than 8.29 g.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":3},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Q15. You perform a serial dilution beginning with 50.0 mL of 2.00 M stock solution of NaCl. You take 12.0 mL of the stock solution and add it to a 200 mL volumetric flask, then fill it to a total solution volume of 200 mL using water. You perform another dilution through which you obtain 250 mL of 0.05 M NaCl solution. How many milliliters of the diluted solution did you use to make the final solution?\"}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Background\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Topic: Serial Dilutions and Solution Preparation\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"This question tests your ability to use the dilution formula and track concentrations through multiple dilution steps.\"}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"underline\"}],\"text\":\"Key Formula:\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"inlineMath\",\"attrs\":{\"latex\":\"M_1V_1 = M_2V_2\"}}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Step-by-Step Guidance\"}]},{\"type\":\"orderedList\",\"attrs\":{\"start\":1,\"type\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Calculate the concentration of the first diluted solution after the initial dilution.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Use the dilution formula to determine the volume of this solution needed to prepare 250 mL of 0.05 M NaCl.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Set up the calculation for the required volume, but do not compute the final value yet.\"}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"underline\"}],\"text\":\"Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!\"}]},{\"type\":\"collapsible\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Final Answer: (2) 25.0 mL\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"25.0 mL of the diluted solution is needed to make the final 250 mL of 0.05 M NaCl.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":3},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Q16. How many grams of NaH2PO4 (119.98 g/mol) are needed to completely neutralize 43.74 mL of 0.285 M NaOH?\"}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Background\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Topic: Acid-Base Neutralization and Stoichiometry\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"This question tests your ability to use stoichiometry to calculate the mass of a compound needed for neutralization.\"}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"underline\"}],\"text\":\"Key Steps:\"}]},{\"type\":\"bulletList\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Calculate moles of NaOH present.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Write the balanced equation for the neutralization reaction.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Determine the moles of NaH2PO4 required.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Convert moles of NaH2PO4 to grams using its molar mass.\"}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Step-by-Step Guidance\"}]},{\"type\":\"orderedList\",\"attrs\":{\"start\":1,\"type\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Calculate moles of NaOH using volume and molarity.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Use the balanced equation to find the mole ratio between NaOH and NaH2PO4.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Set up the calculation to find grams of NaH2PO4 needed, but do not compute the final value yet.\"}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"underline\"}],\"text\":\"Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!\"}]},{\"type\":\"collapsible\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Final Answer: (3) 0.934 g\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"0.934 g of NaH2PO4 are needed to neutralize the given NaOH.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":3},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Q17. Which of the reactions/combinations below has the total ionic equation the same as the net ionic equation?\"}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Background\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Topic: Ionic Equations and Spectator Ions\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"This question tests your understanding of total and net ionic equations and when they are the same.\"}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"underline\"}],\"text\":\"Key Terms:\"}]},{\"type\":\"bulletList\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Total ionic equation:\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\" Shows all soluble ionic substances as ions.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Net ionic equation:\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\" Shows only the species that actually change during the reaction.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Spectator ions:\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\" Ions that do not participate in the reaction.\"}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Step-by-Step Guidance\"}]},{\"type\":\"orderedList\",\"attrs\":{\"start\":1,\"type\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Write the total ionic equation for each reaction.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Identify if any spectator ions are present.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"If there are no spectator ions, the total and net ionic equations are the same.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Determine which reaction(s) meet this criterion.\"}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"underline\"}],\"text\":\"Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!\"}]},{\"type\":\"collapsible\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Final Answer: (3) III only\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Only the reaction of HF(aq) + KOH(aq) has the total ionic equation the same as the net ionic equation.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":3},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Q18. How many of the statements are true for the following reaction: Fe2O3(s) + 3 CO(g) → 2 Fe(s) + 3 CO2(g)?\"}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Background\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Topic: Redox Reactions and Oxidation Numbers\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"This question tests your ability to assign oxidation numbers, identify oxidizing and reducing agents, and recognize redox reactions.\"}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"underline\"}],\"text\":\"Key Steps:\"}]},{\"type\":\"bulletList\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Assign oxidation numbers to all elements in the reaction.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Determine which species are oxidized and reduced.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Identify the oxidizing agent and check the oxidation number changes.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Evaluate each statement for correctness.\"}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Step-by-Step Guidance\"}]},{\"type\":\"orderedList\",\"attrs\":{\"start\":1,\"type\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Assign oxidation numbers to Fe, O, and C in all reactants and products.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Determine which element is oxidized and which is reduced.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Check each statement for accuracy based on your assignments.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Count the number of true statements, but do not state the final count yet.\"}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"underline\"}],\"text\":\"Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!\"}]},{\"type\":\"collapsible\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Final Answer: (3) 3\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Three of the statements are true for the given reaction.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":3},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Q19. When 5.0 g of an unknown gas is placed in a 5.00 L container, the pressure is measured to be 500 mmHg at 50°C. Which of the following is the most likely identity of the gas?\"}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Background\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Topic: Ideal Gas Law and Molar Mass Determination\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"This question tests your ability to use the ideal gas law to determine the molar mass of a gas and identify it.\"}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"underline\"}],\"text\":\"Key Formula:\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"inlineMath\",\"attrs\":{\"latex\":\"PV = nRT\"}}]},{\"type\":\"bulletList\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"inlineMath\",\"attrs\":{\"latex\":\"n = \\\\frac{\\\\text{mass}}{\\\\text{molar mass}}\"}}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Convert pressure to atm and temperature to Kelvin as needed.\"}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Step-by-Step Guidance\"}]},{\"type\":\"orderedList\",\"attrs\":{\"start\":1,\"type\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Convert pressure from mmHg to atm and temperature from °C to K.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Use the ideal gas law to solve for moles of gas.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Calculate the molar mass by dividing the mass by the number of moles.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Compare the calculated molar mass to the options to identify the gas, but do not state which one yet.\"}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"underline\"}],\"text\":\"Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!\"}]},{\"type\":\"collapsible\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Final Answer: (5) Cl2\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"The most likely identity of the gas is Cl2.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":3},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Q20. A molecule diffuses 2 times faster than SO2 under the same conditions. Which of the following could it be?\"}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null,\"level\":4},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"bold\"}],\"text\":\"Background\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Topic: Graham's Law of Effusion/Diffusion\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"attrs\":{\"textAlign\":null},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\