Question 1

Which statement best describes the difference between ionic and covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bonds involve the complete transfer of electrons between atoms with very different electronegativities, while covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms with similar electronegativities.

Question 2

What is the electronic configuration of a neutral carbon atom?

Accepted Answer

$$1s^2$$\ $$2s^2$$\ $$2p^2$$

Question 3

Which of the following pairs of elements is most likely to form an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

Lithium and Fluorine

Question 4

What is the main reason atoms form chemical bonds?

Accepted Answer

To achieve a stable noble gas electron configuration

Question 5

How many valence electrons does nitrogen have?

Accepted Answer

5

Question 6

Which of the following molecules contains a bond with the greatest polarity?

Accepted Answer

HF

Question 7

What is the formal charge on the central carbon atom in the carbonate ion ($$CO_3$$^{2-}$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$0$$

Question 8

Which statement about electronegativity (EN) is correct?

Accepted Answer

Electronegativity is a measure of how 'happy' (stable) an atom is with a negative charge.

Question 9

When drawing Lewis structures, what is the first step you should take?

Accepted Answer

Count the total number of valence electrons for all atoms in the molecule or ion.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why fluorine has a higher electronegativity than lithium?

Accepted Answer

Fluorine has more protons and a smaller atomic radius, so its nucleus attracts electrons more strongly.

Question 11

How many bonds and lone pairs are typically found around a nitrogen atom in ammonia ($$NH_3$$)?

Accepted Answer

3 bonds, 1 lone pair

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct Lewis structure for the fluoride ion ($$F^-$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$:\!F:\!$$ with 8 electrons around F and a negative charge

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the octet rule?

Accepted Answer

Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve 8 electrons in their outermost shell.

Question 14

Which of the following elements is most likely to form a covalent bond with oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen

Question 15

What is the total number of valence electrons in the nitrate ion ($$NO_3$$^-$$)?

Accepted Answer

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the formation of ionic bonds?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bonds are formed when one atom completely transfers electrons to another atom with much higher electronegativity.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why noble gases are generally unreactive?

Accepted Answer

They have a full valence shell and do not need to gain, lose, or share electrons.

Question 18

In the reaction between lithium and fluorine to form lithium fluoride, which atom loses electrons and which atom gains electrons?

Accepted Answer

Lithium loses electrons; fluorine gains electrons.

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct electron configuration for the fluoride ion ($$F^-$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$1s^2$$\ $$2s^2$$\ $$2p^6$$

Question 20

Which of the following best describes a lone pair of electrons?

Accepted Answer

A pair of electrons that is not involved in bonding and is localized on a single atom.

Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Bonding, Structure, and Electron Configuration

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