Question 1

Which of the following best explains why drinking seawater is dangerous to humans?

Accepted Answer

The high concentration of salts in seawater causes water to move out of your cells by osmosis, leading to dehydration.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about solutions is correct?

Accepted Answer

A solution is always a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.

Question 3

Which intermolecular force is primarily responsible for the dissolution of NaCl in water?

Accepted Answer

Ion-dipole interactions

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the process of spontaneous mixing of two solutions?

Accepted Answer

It is driven by an increase in entropy, resulting in a uniform distribution of solute.

Question 5

Which of the following pairs is most likely to be miscible?

Accepted Answer

Ethanol (polar) and water (polar)

Question 6

A solution is prepared by dissolving 25.0 g of a solute (molar mass = 25.0 g/mol) in 100.0 g of water. What is the molality of the solution?

Accepted Answer

$$1.0\ \mathrm{m}$$

Question 7

Which of the following statements about colligative properties is true?

Accepted Answer

They depend on the number of solute particles, not their identity.

Question 8

Which equation correctly expresses the relationship for osmotic pressure?

Accepted Answer

$$\Pi = MRT$$

Question 9

A solution is made by dissolving 99.5 g of sucrose ($$C_{12}H$$_{22}$$O_{11}$, molar mass = 342 g/mol) in 300.0 mL of water (density = 1.00 g/mL). What is the molarity of the solution?

Accepted Answer

$$0.97\ \mathrm{M}$$

Question 10

Which of the following will increase the solubility of a gas in water?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the partial pressure of the gas above the solution

Question 11

Which solution will have the highest boiling point?

Accepted Answer

$$0.50\ \mathrm{M}\ \mathrm{MgCl}_2$$

Question 12

Which of the following best describes a supersaturated solution?

Accepted Answer

It contains more solute than can normally dissolve at that temperature and is unstable.

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct expression for Raoult’s Law for a solution with a nonvolatile solute?

Accepted Answer

$$P_{solution} = X_{solvent} P$$^{\circ}$$_{solvent}$$

Question 14

A solution contains 0.102 mol $$\mathrm{Ca(NO_3$)_2}$$ and 0.972 mol $$\mathrm{H_2O}. If $$the vapor pressure of pure water at 55°C is 118.1 torr, what is the vapor pressure of the solution? (Assume complete dissociation and ideal behavior.)

Accepted Answer

$$104\ \mathrm{torr}$$

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why ammonia ($$\mathrm{NH_3$}) $$has a much higher Henry’s Law constant in water than oxygen ($$\mathrm{O_2$}$$)?

Accepted Answer

Ammonia is polar and interacts more strongly with water than oxygen, which is nonpolar.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a colligative property?

Accepted Answer

Color of the solution

Question 17

A solution is prepared by dissolving 17.2 g of ethylene glycol ($$C_2H_6O_2$$, molar mass = 62.07 g/mol) in 0.500 kg of water. What is the molality of the solution?

Accepted Answer

$$0.554\ \mathrm{m}$$

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the effect of adding a nonvolatile solute to a solvent?

Accepted Answer

The vapor pressure of the solvent decreases.

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct formula for freezing point depression?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta T_f = -iK_f m$$

Solutions and Their Properties: A Comprehensive Study Guide

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