Domanda del libro di testo
(a) The EPA threshold for acceptable levels of lead ions in water is 615 ppb. What is the molarity of an aqueous solution with a concentration of 15 ppb?
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Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment
Brown15th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780137542970
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement146
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions200
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry176
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution155
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry126
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms131
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements126
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding123
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories143
- Ch.10 - Gases147
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces91
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials122
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions126
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics174
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium101
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria139
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria146
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment72
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics129
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry142
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry101
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals68
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry66
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry10
Brown15th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780137542970Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 18, Problema 70b
(b) Will Mg(OH)2 precipitate when 4.0 g of Na2CO3 is added to 1.00 L of a solution containing 125 ppm of Mg2+?
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Convert the concentration of Mg^{2+} from ppm to molarity. Since 125 ppm is equivalent to 125 mg/L, convert this to moles by dividing by the molar mass of Mg (24.31 g/mol).
Calculate the moles of Na2CO3 added by converting 4.0 g of Na2CO3 to moles using its molar mass (105.99 g/mol).
Determine the concentration of CO3^{2-} ions in the solution after adding Na2CO3. Since the volume of the solution is 1.00 L, the concentration is equal to the moles of Na2CO3.
Use the solubility product constant (K_{sp}) for Mg(OH)2 to determine the ion product (Q) of Mg^{2+} and OH^{-} in the solution. The K_{sp} expression for Mg(OH)2 is K_{sp} = [Mg^{2+}][OH^{-}]^2.
Compare the ion product (Q) to the K_{sp} value for Mg(OH)2. If Q > K_{sp}, Mg(OH)2 will precipitate; if Q < K_{sp}, it will not.
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Solubility Product Constant (Ksp)
The solubility product constant (Ksp) is a numerical value that represents the equilibrium between a solid and its ions in a saturated solution. For Mg(OH)2, Ksp indicates the maximum concentration of Mg2+ and OH- ions that can exist in solution before precipitation occurs. Understanding Ksp is essential to determine if the concentration of ions exceeds this value, leading to precipitation.
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Percorso guidato
01:47
Solubility Product Constant
Precipitation Reactions
Precipitation reactions occur when two soluble salts react to form an insoluble compound, or precipitate. In this case, adding Na2CO3 introduces carbonate ions, which can react with Mg2+ ions to form Mg(OH)2. Recognizing the conditions under which precipitation occurs is crucial for predicting whether a solid will form in a solution.
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Percorso guidato
01:53Selective Precipitation
Concentration Calculations
Concentration calculations involve determining the molarity of ions in a solution, which is essential for assessing whether a precipitate will form. In this scenario, converting the mass of Na2CO3 to moles and then calculating the resulting concentration of Mg2+ ions allows for comparison with Ksp. Accurate concentration calculations are vital for predicting the outcome of the reaction.
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07:35Calculate Concentration of the Basic Form
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Domanda del libro di testo
(b) Concentrations of lead in the bloodstream are often quoted in units of μg/dL. Averaged over the entire country, the mean concentration of lead in the blood was measured to be 1.6 μg/dL in 2008. Express this concentration in ppb.
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Domanda del libro di testo
In 1986 an electrical power plant in Taylorsville, Georgia, burned 8,376,726 tons of coal, a national record at that time. (a) Assuming that the coal was 83% carbon and 2.5% sulfur and that combustion was complete, calculate the number of tons of carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide produced by the plant during the year.
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Domanda del libro di testo
The solar power striking Earth every day averages 168 watts per square meter. The highest ever recorded electrical power usage in New York City was 13,200 MW. A record established in July of 2013. Considering that present technology for solar energy conversion is about 10% efficient, from how many square meters of land must sunlight be collected in order to provide this peak power? (For compar- ison, the total area of New York City is 830 km2.)
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Domanda del libro di testo
Write balanced chemical equations for each of the following reactions: (a) The nitric oxide molecule undergoes photodissociation in the upper atmosphere. (b) The nitric oxide molecule undergoes photoionization in the upper atmosphere. (c) Nitric oxide undergoes oxidation by ozone in the stratosphere.
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Domanda del libro di testo
Write balanced chemical equations for each of the following reactions: (d) Nitrogen dioxide dissolves in water to form nitric acid and nitric oxide.
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