Domanda del libro di testo
An unknown gas is found to diffuse through a porous membrane
2.92 times more slowly than H2. What is the molecular
weight of the gas?
(a) 17.0 g/mol (b) 5.84 g/mol
(c) 8.52 g/mol
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Ch.10 - Gases: Their Properties & Behavior
McMurry8th EditionChemistryISBN: 9781292336145
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 - Chemical Tools: Experimentation & Measurement170
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules & Ions160
- Ch.3 - Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions169
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution199
- Ch.5 - Periodicity & Electronic Structure of Atoms102
- Ch.6 - Ionic Compounds: Periodic Trends and Bonding Theory92
- Ch.7 - Covalent Bonding and Electron-Dot Structures61
- Ch.8 - Covalent Compounds: Bonding Theories and Molecular Structure59
- Ch.9 - Thermochemistry: Chemical Energy122
- Ch.10 - Gases: Their Properties & Behavior155
- Ch.11 - Liquids & Phase Changes54
- Ch.12 - Solids and Solid-State Materials73
- Ch.13 - Solutions & Their Properties120
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics98
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium125
- Ch.16 - Aqueous Equilibria: Acids & Bases110
- Ch.17 - Applications of Aqueous Equilibria147
- Ch.18 - Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy & Equilibrium86
- Ch.19 - Electrochemistry154
- Ch.20 - Nuclear Chemistry96
- Ch.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination Chemistry156
- Ch.22 - The Main Group Elements187
- Ch.23 - Organic and Biological Chemistry51
Capitolo 10, Problema 10.108c
Two 112-L tanks are filled with gas at 330 K. One contains 5.00 mol of Kr, and the other contains 5.00 mol of O2. Considering the assumptions of kinetic–molecular theory, rank the gases from low to high for each of the following properties.
(c) Average speed
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Step 1: The average speed of a gas molecule is given by the equation: \(v_{avg} = \sqrt{\frac{8kT}{\pi m}}\), where \(k\) is the Boltzmann constant, \(T\) is the temperature in Kelvin, and \(m\) is the molar mass of the gas.
Step 2: The molar mass of Kr is 83.798 g/mol and the molar mass of O2 is 32.00 g/mol. Convert these values to kg/mol by dividing by 1000, as the molar mass in the equation should be in kg/mol.
Step 3: Substitute the values of \(k\), \(T\), and \(m\) into the equation for each gas. Note that the temperature and the Boltzmann constant are the same for both gases, so the average speed is inversely proportional to the square root of the molar mass.
Step 4: Since O2 has a lower molar mass than Kr, it will have a higher average speed.
Step 5: Therefore, the gases ranked from low to high average speed are Kr and then O2.
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Ecco i concetti essenziali che devi comprendere per rispondere correttamente alla domanda.
Kinetic Molecular Theory
Kinetic Molecular Theory explains the behavior of gases in terms of particles in constant motion. It posits that gas particles are far apart, move freely, and collide elastically. This theory helps in understanding how temperature and mass affect the speed of gas particles, which is crucial for comparing the average speeds of different gases.
Video consigliato:
Percorso guidato
01:19
Kinetic Molecular Theory
Graham's Law of Effusion
Graham's Law states that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass. This means lighter gases will effuse faster than heavier gases. This principle is essential for determining the average speed of gases, as it allows us to compare the speeds of Kr and O2 based on their molar masses.
Video consigliato:
Percorso guidato
2:03Graham's Law of Effusion
Root Mean Square Speed
The root mean square speed (rms speed) of a gas is a measure of the average speed of gas particles and is calculated using the formula v_rms = sqrt(3RT/M), where R is the gas constant, T is the temperature in Kelvin, and M is the molar mass. This concept is vital for ranking the average speeds of different gases, as it directly relates to their temperature and molar mass.
Video consigliato:
Percorso guidato
01:05Root Mean Square Speed Formula
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The coldest temperature recorded at ground level on Earth was -89.2 °C at the Vostok Station in Antarctica. What is the speed of a nitrogen molecule at this temperature? (LO 10.9)
(a) 933 m/s (b) 40.2 m/s
(c) 404 m/s (d) 12.8 m/s
740
views
Domanda del libro di testo
Identify the true statement about deviations from ideal gas
behavior. (LO 10.12)
(a) The attractive forces between gas particles cause the true
volume of the sample to be larger than predicted by the
ideal gas law.
(b) The attractive forces between gas particles most influence
the volume of a sample at low pressure.
(c) The volume of the gas particles themselves most influences
the volume of the sample at low pressure.
(d) The volume of the gas particles themselves causes the
true volume of the sample to be larger than predicted by
the ideal gas law.
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A mixture of chlorine, hydrogen, and oxygen gas is in a container
at STP. Which curve represents oxygen gas? (LO 10.8)
(a) Curve (a) (b) Curve (b) (c) Curve (c)
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Domanda del libro di testo
The apparatus shown consists of three bulbs connected by stopcocks. What is the pressure inside the system when the stopcocks are opened? Assume that the lines connecting the bulbs have zero volume and that the temperature remains constant. (LO 10.3, 10.7)
(a) 1.10 atm (b) 1.73 atm
(c) 4.14 atm (d) 1.41 atm
801
views
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rank
Domanda del libro di testo
Two identical 732.0-L tanks each contain 212.0 g of gas at 293 K, with neon in one tank and nitrogen in the other. Based on the assumptions of kinetic–molecular theory, rank the gases from low to high for each of the following properties.
(a) Average speed
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