Question 1

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 2

A mutation occurs in the promoter region of a gene, reducing the binding affinity of RNA polymerase. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Decreased rate of transcription of the gene.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for a gene with two alleles, A and a, with frequencies p and q?

Accepted Answer

$$p^2 + 2pq$$ + $$q^2 = 1$

Question 4

A woman who is a carrier for an X-linked recessive disorder has children with a man who does not have the disorder. What is the probability that their son will have the disorder?

Accepted Answer

$$0.25$$

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why sickle cell anemia persists at high frequencies in certain populations?

Accepted Answer

Heterozygote advantage in regions with malaria.

Question 6

If a diploid organism has a genotype AaBb, what are the possible gametes produced, assuming independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

AB, Ab, aB, ab

Question 7

Which process is responsible for the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over

Question 8

A pedigree shows a trait that appears in every generation and affects both males and females equally. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal dominant

Question 9

Which of the following is a real-world application of recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

Production of human insulin in bacteria

Question 10

A genetic counselor is working with a couple where both partners are carriers for cystic fibrosis (an autosomal recessive disorder). What is the probability that their child will be affected?

Accepted Answer

$$0.25$$

Question 11

Which of the following best describes epigenetic regulation of gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Heritable changes in gene expression that do not involve changes to the DNA sequence

Question 12

A population of 1000 individuals has 360 individuals with genotype AA, 480 with Aa, and 160 with aa. What is the frequency of allele a?

Accepted Answer

$$q = 0.4$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a consequence of a frameshift mutation?

Accepted Answer

Alteration of the reading frame, potentially changing every amino acid downstream

Question 14

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing the RNA primer during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Primase

Question 15

A child is born with Down syndrome due to nondisjunction. Which chromosomal abnormality is present?

Accepted Answer

Trisomy 21

Question 16

Which of the following best describes genetic linkage?

Accepted Answer

Genes located close together on the same chromosome tend to be inherited together

Question 17

Which of the following is a key ethical consideration in genetic counseling?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining patient confidentiality

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why cancer is considered a genetic disease?

Accepted Answer

It results from mutations in genes that control cell growth and division

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in eukaryotic gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Transcription, RNA processing, translation

Question 20

A researcher uses CRISPR-Cas9 to introduce a specific mutation into a gene. What is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

Genome editing

Bio Sci H97: Honors Genetics – Course Syllabus and Study Guide

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard