Question 1

Which type of chromosomal numerical abnormality is most commonly compatible with life to adulthood in humans?

Accepted Answer

Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)

Question 2

Which scientist(s) provided the experimental evidence that DNA, not protein, is the genetic material using bacteriophages?

Accepted Answer

Hershey & Chase

Question 3

Which of the following is a structural chromosomal abnormality involving the exchange of segments between non-homologous chromosomes without loss of genetic material?

Accepted Answer

Reciprocal translocation

Question 4

Which of the following karyotypes represents Turner syndrome?

Accepted Answer

XO

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the Central Dogma of molecular biology as outlined by Francis Crick?

Accepted Answer

$$DNA \rightarrow RNA \rightarrow Protein$$

Question 6

Which enzyme relieves supercoiling ahead of the replication fork in prokaryotic DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Gyrase

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains adenine, RNA does not

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct complementary DNA template sequence for the coding strand 5'-ATGCGT-3'?

Accepted Answer

3'-TACGCA-5'

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase?

Accepted Answer

It attaches the correct amino acid to its corresponding tRNA.

Question 10

A mutation changes a codon from UAU (tyrosine) to UAA (stop). What type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation

Question 11

Which of the following is a feature unique to eukaryotic DNA replication compared to prokaryotic DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Multiple origins of replication

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the 3' to 5' exonuclease activity of DNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

Proofreading newly synthesized DNA

Question 13

Which of the following is a consensus sequence commonly found in bacterial promoters?

Accepted Answer

$$-10 ($$Pribnow box): $$TATAAT$$

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

dRNA (deoxyribonucleic RNA)

Question 15

Which DNA repair mechanism is primarily responsible for removing thymine dimers caused by UV light?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide excision repair

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a Robertsonian translocation?

Accepted Answer

Fusion of two acrocentric chromosomes at their centromeres

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-life example of an epigenetic modification?

Accepted Answer

DNA methylation silencing tumor suppressor genes in cancer cells

Question 18

Which scientist(s) demonstrated that DNA replication is semiconservative using isotopic labeling?

Accepted Answer

Meselson & Stahl

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of promoter escape during transcription initiation?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase transitions from abortive initiation to productive elongation

Question 20

A patient is exposed to a chemical that causes alkylation of guanine bases in DNA. Which DNA repair mechanism is most likely to correct this damage?

Accepted Answer

Base excision repair

Comprehensive Genetics Exam 2 Study Guide

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