Question 1

Which experiment provided the first strong evidence that DNA, and not protein, is the genetic material in cells?

Accepted Answer

Hershey-Chase experiment with bacteriophage T2

Question 2

What is the chemical bond that links nucleotides together in a single strand of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bond

Question 3

According to Chargaff’s rules, if a DNA molecule contains 30% adenine, what percentage of guanine would you expect?

Accepted Answer

$$20\%$$

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains phosphate, RNA does not

Question 5

What did Rosalind Franklin’s X-ray diffraction photo (Photo 51) reveal about the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is a double helix with repeating units

Question 6

Which enzyme treatment in the Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty experiment prevented transformation of R cells to S cells?

Accepted Answer

DNase

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the antiparallel nature of DNA?

Accepted Answer

One strand runs 5’ to 3’, the other runs 3’ to 5’

Question 8

A mutation changes a single base in a gene from G to A. Which level of genetic information flow is directly affected first?

Accepted Answer

RNA sequence

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct representation of a DNA nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and a base

Question 10

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic genomes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They are usually a single, circular DNA molecule

Question 11

What is the function of topoisomerases in DNA structure?

Accepted Answer

They wind and unwind DNA to relieve supercoiling

Question 12

Which of the following best describes a nucleosome?

Accepted Answer

A segment of DNA wrapped around eight histone proteins

Question 13

Which of the following is a plausible reason why proteins were originally thought to be the genetic material instead of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are more chemically complex than DNA

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about viral genomes?

Accepted Answer

Viral genomes can be DNA or RNA, single- or double-stranded

Question 15

If a DNA double helix contains 10 base pairs per turn and each turn is 3.4 nm, what is the distance between adjacent base pairs?

Accepted Answer

$$0.34\ nm$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a pyrimidine base found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Cytosine

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why the S strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae is virulent while the R strain is not?

Accepted Answer

The R strain lacks a protective capsule

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct flow of genetic information according to the Central Dogma?

Accepted Answer

DNA $$\rightarrow$$ RNA $$\rightarrow$$ Protein

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world application of understanding DNA structure and function?

Accepted Answer

Developing gene therapy treatments for genetic diseases

Question 20

Which of the following statements about eukaryotic chromosomes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They are linear and contain DNA wrapped around histones

DNA as the Genetic Material: Structure, Evidence, and Organization

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