Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of upstream promoter elements in eukaryotic transcription regulation?

Accepted Answer

They are gene-specific sequences that are required for expression at physiological levels.

Question 2

What is the primary function of an insulator sequence in eukaryotic gene regulation?

Accepted Answer

To block the action of enhancers on promoters when positioned between them.

Question 3

Which statement correctly distinguishes enhancers from promoters?

Accepted Answer

Promoters position RNA polymerase II, while enhancers provide additional binding sites for transcription factors.

Question 4

A mutation occurs that deletes an insulator sequence between an enhancer and a promoter. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The enhancer may activate the promoter, leading to increased transcription.

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the core promoter in eukaryotic transcription?

Accepted Answer

It is similar among different promoters and binds general/basal transcription factors.

Question 6

In a scenario where a silencer element is mutated and loses its function, what is the expected effect on gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Gene expression will increase because repression is lost.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why enhancers can regulate genes located tens of kilobases away?

Accepted Answer

DNA looping brings enhancers into proximity with the promoter and transcription machinery.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of general/basal transcription factors?

Accepted Answer

Binding to gene-specific upstream promoter elements.

Question 9

A researcher inserts an enhancer sequence downstream of a gene’s promoter. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The enhancer can still increase transcription, as its position relative to the promoter is flexible.

Question 10

Which of the following scenarios would most likely result in decreased transcription of a gene?

Accepted Answer

Insertion of an insulator between the enhancer and promoter.

Question 11

Which equation best represents the relationship between transcription factor concentration ($$[TF]) $$and the probability of enhancer-promoter interaction ($$P_{int}$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$P_{int} = \frac{[TF]}{K + [TF]}$$

Question 12

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of a mutation in an upstream promoter element?

Accepted Answer

Reduced gene-specific transcriptional activation.

Question 13

A gene is expressed only when both its core promoter and upstream promoter elements are intact. Which regulatory principle does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Both core and upstream promoter elements are necessary for physiological expression.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between activator and repressor transcription factors?

Accepted Answer

Activators increase gene expression, repressors decrease gene expression.

Question 15

If a gene’s enhancer is located on a different chromosome than its promoter, which mechanism allows it to regulate transcription?

Accepted Answer

Transcription factors bridge the physical gap via DNA looping.

Eukaryotic Transcriptional Regulation and RNA Processing

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