Question 1

Which of the following best describes the Central Dogma of Genetics?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 2

During transcription, which DNA strand is used as the template for RNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

The template strand (antisense strand)

Question 3

What is the main function of the promoter region in a gene?

Accepted Answer

It is the site where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of the 7-methylguanosine cap added to eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

It signals the end of translation.

Question 5

In bacteria, what is the role of the sigma (σ) factor in transcription initiation?

Accepted Answer

It recognizes the -35 and -10 promoter regions and helps RNA polymerase bind to DNA.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about polycistronic mRNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

It encodes two or more polypeptides from a single mRNA molecule.

Question 7

What is the main difference between rho-dependent and rho-independent termination in bacterial transcription?

Accepted Answer

Rho-dependent termination requires the rho protein, while rho-independent does not.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why uracil is used in RNA instead of thymine?

Accepted Answer

Uracil is less stable than thymine, making RNA more easily degradable and energy-efficient to produce.

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of the spliceosome in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It removes introns from pre-mRNA and joins exons together.

Question 10

A mutation in the TATA box of a eukaryotic gene would most likely affect which process?

Accepted Answer

The initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II

Question 11

Which of the following best describes alternative splicing?

Accepted Answer

The process by which different combinations of exons are joined to produce multiple mRNAs from a single gene.

Question 12

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing mRNA in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase II

Question 13

What is the function of the poly(A) tail added to the 3' end of most eukaryotic mRNAs?

Accepted Answer

It increases mRNA stability and helps regulate translation.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a cis-acting element in eukaryotic gene regulation?

Accepted Answer

TATA box

Question 15

A researcher discovers a eukaryotic gene that produces two different proteins in different tissues. Which mechanism most likely explains this observation?

Accepted Answer

Alternative splicing of the pre-mRNA

Question 16

Which of the following statements about RNA editing is correct?

Accepted Answer

RNA editing can involve the insertion, deletion, or conversion of nucleotides after transcription.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the directionality of RNA synthesis during transcription?

Accepted Answer

RNA is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction using the DNA template read in the 3' to 5' direction.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world example of RNA editing in mammals?

Accepted Answer

C-to-U conversion in apolipoprotein B mRNA

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the function of general transcription factors (GTFs) in eukaryotes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are required for the assembly of the basal transcription apparatus at the core promoter.

Question 20

A mutation that prevents the phosphorylation of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II would most likely affect which stage of transcription?

Accepted Answer

Transition from initiation to elongation

Ch 12 Gene Transcription and RNA Modification: Mechanisms and Regulation

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