Question 1

When cloning a gene into a plasmid vector, two common issues are (i) inability to control the gene's orientation and (ii) self-ligation of the vector. Which simple solution addresses both problems?

Accepted Answer

Using two different restriction enzymes to generate non-compatible sticky ends

Question 2

Which plasmid feature determines the number of plasmid copies maintained in a bacterial cell?

Accepted Answer

Origin of replication

Question 3

In CRISPR-Cas genome editing, the guide RNA (gRNA) is engineered by combining two natural RNAs. During editing, which two molecules must the gRNA bind to?

Accepted Answer

Cas9 protein and target DNA

Question 4

A researcher wants to determine which bacterial species are present in an environmental water sample. Which technique is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Metagenome construction

Question 5

Which research technique would you use to find well-studied protein motifs encoded by a new gene of interest?

Accepted Answer

BLAST search

Question 6

To identify non-coding regulatory sequences shared by several related bird species, which technique should be used?

Accepted Answer

Phylogenetic shadowing

Question 7

A scientist wants to determine which proteins bind to a protein of interest. Which technique is most suitable?

Accepted Answer

Yeast two-hybrid

Question 8

Which technique would best identify gene promoters bound by a putative transcription factor?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq)

Question 9

You want to analyze gene expression in a specific cell type in a multicellular organism. Which technique should you use?

Accepted Answer

RNA sequencing (RNA-seq)

Question 10

A translational reporter can provide information about a gene that a transcriptional reporter cannot. What is this unique information?

Accepted Answer

Intracellular localization of the gene product

Question 11

You have chemically mutagenized yeast and observed an interesting phenotype. What is the best approach to identify the gene mutation responsible?

Accepted Answer

Sequence the genome

Question 12

Which statement is accurate regarding insertional mutagenesis compared to chemical mutagenesis?

Accepted Answer

You can more easily identify where mutations are in the genome than with chemical mutagenesis

Question 13

A yeast mutant grows poorly on galactose. After further mutagenesis, you find a second mutation in a separate gene that restores normal growth. What type of genetic screen have you performed?

Accepted Answer

Suppressor screen

Question 14

To see how gene expression changes when an organism is subjected to a specific growth condition, which research technique is best?

Accepted Answer

RNA sequencing (RNA-seq)

Question 15

You want to determine where histones with a specific H3K9Ac modification bind in the genome. Which technique should you use?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq)

Question 16

A researcher is using thousands of sequenced genomes to identify genetic determinants indicative of a rare genetic disorder. Which technique is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Genome-wide association study (GWAS)

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the purpose of a barcoded knockout library in yeast genetics?

Accepted Answer

To identify genes critical for growth under specific conditions

Question 18

A scientist wants to annotate protein-encoding genes in the genome of a newly discovered insect species. Which technique should be used?

Accepted Answer

Pangenome construction

Question 19

Which of the following equations correctly represents the probability ($$P) of $$obtaining a recombinant plasmid when using two different restriction enzymes, assuming independent ligation events with probability $$p$$ for each end?

Accepted Answer

$$P = p^2$

Question 20

In a yeast two-hybrid screen, which of the following best explains why a positive interaction is detected?

Accepted Answer

The bait and prey proteins physically interact, reconstituting a functional transcription factor

Genetics Exam Study Guide: Cloning, CRISPR, Genomics, and Functional Genetics

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