Question 1

Which of the following best describes the outcome of complete genetic linkage between two genes in a heterozygous individual during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Only parental gametes are produced, with no recombinant gametes.

Question 2

In the Hershey-Chase experiment, which radioactive isotope was used to label DNA, and what was the key finding?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorus-32 ($$^{32}P$$); DNA is the genetic material.

Question 3

A geneticist maps three linked genes (E, H, and B) on a chromosome. The recombination frequency between E and H is 10%, and between H and B is 8%. What is the map distance between E and B?

Accepted Answer

$$10\% + 8\% = 18$$ map units

Question 4

Which of the following statements about DNA replication is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA in the $$5' \rightarrow 3'$$ direction.

Question 5

During DNA replication, what is the role of DNA ligase?

Accepted Answer

It connects Okazaki fragments by forming covalent bonds between DNA segments.

Question 6

Which of the following is classified as a pyrimidine base in nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Cytosine

Question 7

If three genes (A, B, and C) are found on different chromosomes, what is the expected frequency of inheritance of the genotype ABC in the offspring from a heterozygous parent (AaBbCc) crossed with a homozygous recessive parent (aabbcc)?

Accepted Answer

$$12.5\%$$

Question 8

Which enzyme is responsible for removing RNA primers during DNA replication in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase I

Question 9

In Griffith's experiment, what process allowed non-virulent rough bacteria to become virulent when mixed with heat-killed smooth bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Transformation

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of a promoter in transcription?

Accepted Answer

It is a DNA sequence where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription.

Question 11

Which of the following RNA types is produced in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes and serves as the template for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

mRNA

Question 12

A DNA replication bubble is shown with four strands labeled X, Y, Z, and W. If X and Y are leading strands, what can be said about Z and W?

Accepted Answer

Z and W are lagging strands.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why Okazaki fragments are formed during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase can only synthesize DNA in the $$5' \rightarrow 3'$$ direction, requiring discontinuous synthesis on the lagging strand.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

Both contain a phosphate backbone.

Question 15

A gene is said to be under the control of a single promoter and codes for one protein. What is the term for this type of gene organization?

Accepted Answer

Monocistronic

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into protein.

Question 17

During DNA replication, which nucleotide would be added opposite a thymine base on the template strand?

Accepted Answer

Adenine

Question 18

Which of the following statements about recombination frequency is correct?

Accepted Answer

A recombination frequency of 1% is equivalent to 1 map unit (centimorgan).

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the RNA stem-loop structure found in mRNA?

Accepted Answer

It increases mRNA stability.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of DNA polymerase III in prokaryotic DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes the majority of the new DNA strand during replication.

Genetics Exam Study Guide: Linkage Mapping, DNA Structure & Replication, and RNA Transcription UNIT 2 EXAM practice

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