Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of chromosome number in the resulting cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces cells with the same chromosome number as the parent cell, while meiosis produces cells with half the chromosome number.

Question 2

A geneticist is studying a trait in pea plants that follows Mendel's law of independent assortment. If two heterozygous plants (YyRr) are crossed, what is the expected phenotypic ratio in the offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$9:3:3:1$$

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a stage of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Interphase

Question 4

A woman with blood type AB and a man with blood type O have a child. What are the possible blood types of their child?

Accepted Answer

A or B

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why Mendel chose pea plants for his experiments?

Accepted Answer

Pea plants have easily observable traits and can be self- or cross-pollinated.

Question 6

In a test cross between a plant with genotype $$Tt ($$tall) and a plant with genotype $$tt ($$short), what is the expected ratio of tall to short offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$1:1$$

Question 7

Which of the following scenarios is an example of codominance?

Accepted Answer

A person with type AB blood expresses both A and B antigens equally.

Question 8

If a cell with $$2n = 8$$ chromosomes undergoes meiosis, how many chromosomes will each gamete contain?

Accepted Answer

$$4$$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the process of crossing over during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes during prophase I

Question 10

A genetic disorder is caused by a recessive lethal allele. If two heterozygous carriers mate, what proportion of their offspring are expected to survive?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{2}{3}$$

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A cross between red and white snapdragons produces pink flowers

Question 12

In a dihybrid cross, if two genes are linked and do not assort independently, which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

The observed phenotypic ratio will deviate from $$9:3:3:1$$

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the Bombay phenotype in humans?

Accepted Answer

It is caused by a mutation that prevents the expression of A and B antigens, resulting in type O blood regardless of genotype.

Question 14

A couple, both heterozygous for a gene with incomplete dominance, have a child. What is the probability that the child will show the intermediate phenotype?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 15

Which of the following statements about Mendel's law of segregation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Alleles for a trait separate during the formation of gametes.

Question 16

A geneticist uses a Punnett square to predict the outcome of a cross between two individuals. Which of the following is NOT a correct use of a Punnett square?

Accepted Answer

To determine the exact number of offspring with a particular genotype

Question 17

Which of the following best explains the significance of meiosis in sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

It reduces the chromosome number by half, ensuring genetic diversity in offspring.

Question 18

In Tay-Sachs disease, a child inherits two defective alleles for the HEXA gene. Which inheritance pattern does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal recessive

Question 19

A researcher observes a 2:1 ratio of living to dead offspring in a cross. Which genetic phenomenon is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Lethal alleles

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the use of different symbols for alleles in genetics?

Accepted Answer

Different organisms may use different symbols for the same alleles.

Genetics Study Guide: Mitosis, Mendelian Genetics, and Extensions

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