Q: Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which experiment provided the most direct evidence that DNA, and not protein, is the genetic material in cells?

Accepted Answer

Hershey and Chase's blender experiment using radioactive isotopes

Question 2

A scientist labels the DNA of a virus with $$^{32}P$$ and the protein with $$^{35}S. $$After infection of E. coli, only $$^{32}P is $$found inside the cells. What does this result indicate?

Accepted Answer

DNA is the genetic material

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 4

If the sequence of one DNA strand is $$5' - ATG\ CAT\ CTA\ TGA - 3'$$, what is the sequence and polarity of the complementary strand?

Accepted Answer

$$3' - TAC\ GTA\ GAT\ ACT - 5'$$

Question 5

Which of the following statements about Chargaff’s rules is correct?

Accepted Answer

The amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine in DNA

Question 6

Which type of RNA forms part of the ribosome and is essential for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

rRNA

Question 7

A mutation in the CCR5 gene provides resistance to HIV infection in some humans. Which evolutionary process does this best illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains phosphodiester bonds, RNA does not

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a gene?

Accepted Answer

A segment of DNA that encodes a functional product

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct application of the Hardy-Weinberg principle for a population in equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Allele and genotype frequencies remain constant from generation to generation

Question 11

Which of the following is a purine base found in nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Adenine

Question 12

Which process describes the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 13

A population of bacteria is exposed to an antibiotic. After several generations, most bacteria are resistant. Which genetic principle explains this observation?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 14

Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They carry genes for the same traits but may have different alleles

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-world example of gene-environment interaction?

Accepted Answer

A person with a genetic predisposition to skin cancer developing the disease after excessive sun exposure

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the relationship between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype determines phenotype, but phenotype can also be influenced by the environment

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why offspring tend to resemble their parents?

Accepted Answer

Offspring inherit genes from their parents, which determine their traits

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is a double helix with complementary base pairing between purines and pyrimidines

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the mRNA codon

Genetics Study Guide: The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution

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