Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between a genomic DNA library and a cDNA library?

Accepted Answer

A genomic DNA library contains DNA fragments representing the entire genome, while a cDNA library contains only cDNA copies of mRNA representing expressed genes.

Question 2

In Sanger sequencing, what is the role of dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs)?

Accepted Answer

They terminate DNA synthesis by lacking a 3'-OH group, preventing the addition of further nucleotides.

Question 3

Which sequencing technology is most suitable for sequencing long DNA fragments in real time?

Accepted Answer

Nanopore sequencing

Question 4

A researcher wants to compare gene expression profiles between healthy and cancerous tissues. Which omics approach and sequencing technology should they use?

Accepted Answer

Transcriptomics with RNA-seq using Illumina NGS

Question 5

Which of the following is a key advantage of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) over Sanger sequencing?

Accepted Answer

NGS allows massively parallel sequencing of millions of short DNA fragments simultaneously.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the process of genome assembly after whole genome sequencing?

Accepted Answer

Aligning short sequence reads to a reference genome or assembling them de novo based on overlapping regions.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the Human Genome Project (HGP) is correct?

Accepted Answer

The HGP used BACs and YACs for cloning DNA fragments before sequencing.

Question 8

A patient is suspected to have a disease caused by a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Which technology would be most appropriate for identifying this mutation?

Accepted Answer

Whole genome sequencing using NGS

Question 9

Which of the following omics technologies would be most useful for studying the effects of environmental factors on gene expression without altering the DNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

Epigenomics

Question 10

In Illumina sequencing, what is the purpose of bridge amplification?

Accepted Answer

To amplify DNA fragments on a solid surface, creating clusters for sequencing

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why the human reference genome is not a consensus genome?

Accepted Answer

It was assembled from pooled haploid genomes of multiple individuals, each contributing different segments.

Question 12

Which sequencing method would be most appropriate for detecting large structural variants and long repetitive regions in the genome?

Accepted Answer

PacBio or Nanopore long-read sequencing

Question 13

A scientist is interested in identifying all proteins expressed in a cancer cell line. Which workflow should they follow?

Accepted Answer

Extract proteins, digest with trypsin, separate peptides by liquid chromatography, and analyze by mass spectrometry.

Question 14

Which of the following is a key application of metagenomics?

Accepted Answer

Analyzing the genetic diversity of microbial communities in environmental samples

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between genetic maps and physical maps?

Accepted Answer

Genetic maps are based on recombination frequencies, while physical maps are based on actual base-pair distances.

Question 16

Which of the following is a major goal of functional genomics?

Accepted Answer

To assign biological functions to genomic elements such as genes and regulatory regions

Question 17

A researcher is using ATAC-seq in their experiment. What are they most likely studying?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin accessibility and mapping regulatory elements

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the principle behind massively parallel sequencing in NGS?

Accepted Answer

Simultaneously sequencing millions of DNA fragments in parallel reactions

Question 19

Which of the following is a direct application of genome-wide association studies (GWAS)?

Accepted Answer

Identifying genes associated with complex diseases by analyzing SNPs across the genome

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why ddNTPs terminate DNA synthesis in Sanger sequencing?

Accepted Answer

The absence of a 3'-OH group on the ddNTP prevents the addition of another nucleotide.

Genomic Technologies and Applications: DNA Sequencing, Genomics, and Multi-Omics

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